AP Biochemistry Flashcards

7367265189	covalent bonding	bonding resulting from the sharing of electrons	0
7367271578	hydrogen bonding	bonding resulting from the attraction of hydrogen in one molecule to atoms like oxygen or nitrogen in another molecule	1
7367282603	nonpolar	a molecule in which the electrons are shared equally	2
7367318336	polar	a molecule in which the molecules are shared unequally	3
7367332131	isomer	organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas	4
7367341844	monosaccharide	C6H12O6 simple sugars	5
7367344196	disaccharide	two monosaccharides joined; C12H22O11	6
7367363881	dehydration synthesis	condensation; joining compounds with the release of water	7
7367372652	hydrolysis	breakdown on a compound by addition of water	8
7367375590	polysaccharide	carbohydrate composed of three or more simple sugars	9
7367383112	cellulose	structural polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls	10
7367387786	starch	storage polysaccharide found in plants	11
7367424536	chitin	polysaccharide found in exoskeletons in arthropods	12
7367428454	glycogen	polysacchride found in animals; stored in liver and muscle	13
7367438323	glycerol	alcohol portion of a lipid	14
7367440582	fatty acid	hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end	15
7367446580	saturated	fats having no double or triple bonds	16
7367450466	unsaturated	fats have double bonds	17
7367453599	steroid	lipid with four fused ring structures; cholesterol and testosterone	18
7367459785	peptide bond	bonds that creates a chain of amino acids	19
7367469210	conformation	refers to a protein's unique shape that determines its function	20
7367479691	primary structure	linear sequence of amino acids; peptide bonds	21
7367482056	secondary structure	protein formed with hydrogen bonds	22
7367489570	tertiary structure	3D conformation formed; disulfide bridges	23
7367494096	quaternary structure	protein with more than one polypeptide chain	24
7367499152	alpha helix	secondary coiling of a protein	25
7367505218	beta pleating	secondary folding in a protein	26
7367516597	functional groups	collection of atoms that give molecules specific properties	27
7367522194	metabolism	sum of chemical reactions that take place in a cell	28
7367528631	catabolism	reaction that breaks molecules down	29
7367531413	anabolism	reactions that build large molecules	30
7367586127	cohesion	attraction of water molecules for other water molecules	31
7367606534	adhesion	attraction of water to a different substance	32
7367634025	surface tension	measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid	33
7367644578	evaporative cooling	property of a liquid where the surface becomes cooler during evaporation due to the loss of molecules	34
7367654969	disulfide bridge	tertiary structure; strong covalent bonds between cysteine amino acids	35
7367670982	glycosidic linkange	covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis	36
7367676237	nucleotide	building block of a nucleic acid	37
7367680690	pyramidine	cytosine, thymine; uracil; single rings	38
7367689057	purine	adenine and guanine; two rings	39
7367693803	triose	three carbon sugar	40
7367696072	pentose	five carbon sugar	41
7367699420	hexose	six carbon sugar	42
7367705689	hydroxyl	-OH; alcohol, polar	43
7367810051	sulfhydryl	sulfur bonded to hydrogen; cysteine	44
7367818544	methyl	carbon bonded to three hydrogens	45
7367867184	insulin	regulates glucose levels in blood stream	46
7367870704	hemoglobin	protein that carries oxygen; RBC's	47
7367897841	hydrophobic	water fearing; nonpolar	48
7367901094	hydrophilic	water loving; polar	49
7367935319	denaturation	a change in the original structure of a protein	50
7367960928	cholesterol	lipid steroid that serves as molecular foundation for other lipids made by the human body; found in cell membrane of animal cells	51
7368044396	triglyceride	three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule; a fat	52
7368059628	phospholipid	two fatty acids, one glycerol, a choline and phosphate group; cell membranes	53
7368124155	glucose, fructose, galactose	monosaccharides	54
7368129033	lactose, maltose, sucrose	disaccharides	55
7368155814	A-T; G-C	base pairing rule in DNA	56
7368161067	A-U; G-C	base pairing rule in RNA	57
14907382369	ribose	sugar in RNA	58
14907382370	deoxyribose	sugar in DNA	59