APES Biomes and Aquatic Ecosystems Flashcards

7612810343	Temperate Deciduous Forest	-Cool Winters, Warm Summers (Seasonal Variation) -Precipitation is relatively evenly spread throughout the year -Deciduous Trees (Oak, Beech) -Europe, China, Eastern North America -Northern Hemisphere -Good Soils	0
7612810344	Temperate Grassland	-Cool Winters, Warm Summers (seasonal variation is more extreme than temperate deciduous forests) -Limited amount of precipitation -Frequent fires (no trees) -Also called prairie or steppe -Northern Hemisphere -North America, Middle East, Europe, Asia -Very fertile soils (used for agriculture)	1
7612810345	Temperate Rainforest	-Cool Winters, Warm Summers (Seasonal Variation) -Large amount of precipitation (Less rain in winters) -Coniferous Trees -Provide lumber and paper -Northern Hemisphere -East coast of North America and Canada -Fertile soils that are susceptible to land slides and erosion if forests are cleared	2
7612810346	Tropical Rainforest	-Warm all year round -Very high amount of precipitation (300-500 mm per month) -Southern Hemisphere -Central America, Africa, South America, Southeast Asia -Great Biodiversity -Poor, thin soils	3
7612810347	Tropical Dry Forest/Tropical Deciduous Forest	-Warm all year round -Extreme wet and dry seasons -Wet summer (October to April) and dry winter (May, June, July, August, September) -Southern Hemisphere -India, Africa, South America, northern Australia -Erosion-prone soils	4
7612810348	Savanna (Tropical Grasslands)	-Slight seasonal variation (warmer in summer) -Extreme wet and dry seasons -Wet Summer (not as wet as tropical dry forest) -Southern Hemisphere -Isolated Trees -Africa, South America, India, Australia -Zebras, Giraffes, Gazelles	5
7612810349	Desert	-Driest Biome -Barely an rainfall -Slight seasonal variation -Saline soils -Little Vegetation -Temperatures drop at night -Northern Hemisphere -Africa, Mexico, Middle East, Asia	6
7612810350	Tundra	-Coldest Biome -Warmer in summers, but still cold (5 degrees celsius) -Freezing in winters (-20 degrees celsius) -Northern Hemisphere -Dry -Slightly wet summers -Soil is permanently frozen (permafrost) -Also occurs as alpine tundra at the tops of mountains -Northern Europe, Northern Canada, Northern Asia, Greenland	7
7612810351	Boreal Forest/Taiga/Coniferous Forest	-Largest Biome -Northern Hemisphere -Coniferous Trees (Pinecones) -Cold. Cooler in summers (never above 20 degrees Celsius) -Moderate Precipitation -More wet in summer than winter -Poor soils -Moose, Wolves, Lynx, Bears -Northern Europe, Canada, Northern Asia	8
7612810352	Chaparral	-Densely thicketed -Highly seasonal -Cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers -Induced by oceanic influences -Northern Hemisphere -California, Chile, Australia -Frequent fires	9
7612810353	Polar grassland	Another name for the tundra	10
7612810354	Deer	Animal common in the temperate deciduous forest	11
7612826454	Wetlands	Areas flooded with water for at least part of the year.	12
7612829271	Upwelling	The flow of cold nutrient rich water to the surface	13
7612834772	Coral reef	A mass of calcium carbonate composed of skeletons of marine animals.	14
7612840291	Lakes and Ponds	Open standing water that collects in depressions of the earth.	15
7612849204	Benthic Zone	The bottom of a body of water.	16
7612858340	Euphotic Zone	Uppermost layer in the ocean has enough light for photosynthesis.	17
7612877872	smalest herbivore in ocean	Zooplankton	18
7612885760	littoral, benthic zone	lake/pond, shallow zone in freshwater, light reaches bottom region near bottom of pond	19
7612889079	Eutrophication	increase in nutrients such as nitrates, in an aquatic ecosystem, especially from fertilizers, encourages algae growth.	20
7612913592	How nutrients affect lakes	Increased Algae Growth → Bacteria/Decay → Less O2 → Fish Kills Eutrophication can be accelerated by runoff, such as rain, that can carry sewage, fertilizers, or animal wastes from land into bodies of water	21
7612917157	Marshes and Swamps	Two types of wetlands	22
7612921669	Environmental Functions of Wetlands	Act like filters or sponges that absorb and remove pollutants from the water Controlling flooding Provides habitat for many species Recreational activities	23
7612926263	Mangrove swamps	are tropical or subtropical marine swamp, mangrove trees have stilt-like roots, help protect the coastline from erosion	24
7612961762	Latitude	Close to equator=hot Close to poles=cold	25
7612964237	Altitude	Higher up= Colder Lower= Warmer	26
7612969273	Climate	The average, year- after- year conditions in an area (usually temperature and precipitation)	27
7612985801	Coastal zones	The ocean water closest to the land. Between the shore and the continental shelf. High npp	28