AP Statistics (Chapter 9) Flashcards
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| 9741043720 | Significance Test | A formal procedure for using observed data to decide between two competing claimes | 0 | |
| 9741043721 | Null Hypothesis | The claim that the given parameter is true. | 1 | |
| 9741043722 | Alternative Hypthesis | The claim that the given parameter is NOT true | 2 | |
| 9741043723 | One-Sided | It states that a parameter is larger than the null hypothesis value or states that the parameter is smaller than the null value | 3 | |
| 9741043724 | Two-Sided | It states that the parameter is different from the null hypothesis value (it could be either larger or smaller) | 4 | |
| 9741043725 | P-Values | The probability that the statistic would take a value as extreme as or more extreme than the one actually observed. | 5 | |
| 9741043726 | Reject the Null Hypothesis | if the observed result is too unlikely to occur just by chance. | 6 | |
| 9741043727 | Fail to Reject Null Hypothesis | if the observed result is fairly likely to occur just by chance. | 7 | |
| 9741043728 | Statistically Significant at the Level (alpha) | If the p-value is smaller than alpha (typically a = 0.05) | 8 | |
| 9741043729 | Type I Error | If we reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true | 9 | |
| 9741043731 | Type II Error | If we fail to reject the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true | 10 | |
| 9741043733 | Test Statistic | Z-score for a statistic. | 11 | |
| 9741043735 | Significance Test - four step process | STATE: what hypotheses do you want to test, and at what significance level? PLAN: Name test. Check conditions. DO: -compute the test statistic -find the p-value CONCLUDE: make a decision about the hypotheses in the context of the problem | 12 | |
| 9741043737 | One-sample z test for a proportion | Finds the P-value by calculating the probability of getting a z statistic this large or larger in the direction specified by Ha. |  | 13 |
| 9741043738 | Power | The _________________ of a test against a specific alternative is the probability that the test will reject the null hypothesis at a chosen significance level alpha when the specified alternative value of the parameter is true. We made the correct decision. | 14 | |
| 9741043740 | One-sample t test | Use this test to test a claim regarding a single mean (WHEN THE STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE POP IS UNKNOWN) | 15 | |
| 9741043741 | Paired Data | Study designs that involve making two observations on the same individual or one observation on each of two VERY similar individuals result in ... | 16 | |
| 9741043742 | Paired t procedures | When paired data result from measuring the same quantitative variable twice, we can make comparisons by analyzing the differences in each pair. If the conditions for inference are met, we can use one-sample t procedures to perform inference about the mean difference mean(d). These methods are called __________________________________ | 17 |