AP Psychology Language Unit Flashcards

8953520829	Phonemes	the smallest distinctive unites of sound used in a language	0
8953520830	Morphemes	the smallest units of meaning in a language	1
8953520831	Grammar	the system of rules in a language that enable us to communicate with and understand others	2
8953520832	Semantics	the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences (Ex. by adding "-ed" to the word "laugh" means that it happened in the past)	3
8953520833	Overregularization	occurs when children apply a grammatical rule too widely and therefore create incorrect forms (Ex. go'ed instead of went, or hitted the ball.)	4
8953520834	Syntax	the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences (Ex. adjectives come before nouns in english, "the white house")	5
8953520835	Receptive Language	the ability to understand language; we are able to understand language because of Wernicke's area in the brain	6
8953520836	Productive Language	the ability to produce language; we are able to speak because of Broca's area in the brain	7
8953520837	Babbling	universal noises made by babies around the age of 4 months	8
8953520838	Holophrase	one-word phrases babies make around the age of 12 months	9
8953520839	Telegraphic Speech	two-word phrases babies make around the age of 24 months	10
8953520840	Critical Period	if children are not exposed to language before a certain age, they will be unable to acquire language (we know this thanks to Noam Chomsky)	11
8953520841	Universal Grammar	all human languages have the same grammatical building blocks such as nouns, verbs, subjects, and objects (we know this thanks to Noam Chomsky)	12
8953520842	Language Acquisition Device	innate speech-enabling structures in the brain that allow us to learn language (we know this thanks to Noam Chomsky)	13
8953520843	Deep Structure	combining words to make meanings	14
8953520844	Linguistic Determinism	the idea that thinking affects our language, which in turn affects our thoughts	15