AP World History - Summer Assignment Terms & Concepts Flashcards

6987832659	agrarian	concerning farms, farmers, or the use of land	0
6987832660	allies	an alliance of nations joining together to fight a common enemy	1
6987832662	archipelago	a group of many islands in a large body of water	2
6987832664	assimilation	the process whereby a minority group gradually adopts the customs and attitudes of the dominant/prevailing culture and becomes accepted	3
6987832665	Austrasia	new name for the western Pacific Rim where a significant regional realignment is now taking place. Includes rapidly-developing countries & parts of countries lining the Pacific from Japan's Hokkaido in the north to New Zealand in the South	4
6987832666	autocratic / autocracy	characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule	5
6987832667	birth rate	the number of births in a population in a certain amount of time	6
6987832668	Buddhism	a world religion or philosophy based on the teaching of the Buddha and holding that a state of enlightenment can be attained by suppressing worldly desire	7
6987832670	Capitalism	an economic system based on private ownership of capital	8
6987832671	cash crop	farm crop grown to be sold or traded rather than used by the farm family	9
6987832672	Caste system	a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity	10
6987832673	Christianity	a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior	11
6987832675	climate	the average weather a place has over a long period of time (usually 20 to 30 years)	12
6987832676	Communism	a political system characterized by a centrally planned economy with all economic and political power resting in the hands of the central government	13
6987832677	continent	the largest main land masses of the globe	14
6987832678	culture	the ideas, beliefs, and customs that are shared and accepted by people in a society	15
6987832679	custom	something done by people in a particular society because it is traditional	16
6987832680	death rate	the number of deaths per 1,000 people in an area	17
6987832681	delta	a low triangular area where a river divides before entering a larger body of water	18
6987832682	democracy	a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them	19
6987832683	demographics	statistical characteristics of human populations, such as gender, age, income level, etc.	20
6987832684	desertification	degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting	21
6987832685	diffusion	the movement of customs or ideas from one place to another	22
6987832686	elevation	height above (or below) sea level	23
6987832687	enclave	a distinct region or community enclosed within a larger territory	24
6987832688	Equator	an imaginary circle around the middle of the earth, halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole	25
6987832689	ethnicity	a social division based on national origin, religion, language, and often race	26
6987832690	ethnocentrism	thinking about things based only on what your own culture/ethnicity does; not valuing the culture, traditions, etc. of others; tendency to judge others compared to your own ethnic group, with the belief your own ethnic group is superior	27
6987832691	export	to ship out (merchandise, resources, workers, ideas, etc.) to other countries for sale, exchange, etc.	28
6987832692	Fertile Crescent	a geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates	29
6987832693	feudalism	a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service	30
6987832694	flood plain	a low plain adjacent to a river that is formed chiefly of river sediment and is subject to flooding	31
6987832695	geography	the study of where people, places, and things are located and how they relate to each other	32
6987832696	ghetto	a poor densely populated city district occupied by a minority ethnic group linked together by economic hardship and social restrictions	33
6987832698	hemisphere	half of the earth	34
6987832699	Hinduism	A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms	35
6987832700	immigrant/emigrant	a person who comes to a country where they were not born in order to settle there	36
6987832701	imperialism	the policy of extending authority over several foreign countries to form an empire. Imperialism takes colonialism to the next level by holding many colonies, not just one	37
6987832702	import	to bring in (merchandise, resources, ideas, workers, etc.) from a foreign country for use, trade, sale, and processing	38
6987832703	indigenous	something that is originally from an area, or grows and lives in a certain environment naturally; native	39
6987832704	Indochina	French colony made up of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam	40
6987832705	industrialization	when a country organizes factories, technology, and workers to manufacture (in order to mass-produce) things for sale	41
6987832706	infrastructure	the system of public works of a country, state, or region, such as roads, electricity, sewers, running water, etc.	42
6987832707	interdependence	the dependence of countries on goods, resources, and knowledge from other parts of the world	43
6987832708	irrigation	supplying dry land with water by means of ditches	44
6987832710	isthmus	a relatively narrow strip of land (with water on both sides) connecting two larger land areas	45
6987832711	Judaism	the monotheistic religion founded by Abraham and whose followers are called Jews	46
6987832712	land bridge	the way that the first people may have arrived in the Americas; connected Siberia and Alaska around 40,000 years ago.	47
6987832713	landforms	natural features of the earth's surface	48
6987832714	landlocked	surrounded by land; cut off from the sea	49
6987832715	latitude	the set of imaginary parallel lines that circle the earth parallel to the Equator and measure the distance north and south of the equator in degrees	50
6987832716	longitude	distance east or west of the Prime Meridian, measured in degrees	51
6987832717	matriarchy	a society in which the mother is the supreme authority in the family, clan or tribe and children belong to the mother's family or tribe; women have the governing authority	52
6987832718	median	relating to or situated in or extending toward the middle	53
6987832719	megalopolis	a very large urban complex (usually involving several cities and towns)	54
6987832721	mestizo	a person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry	55
6987832722	modernization	the transformation of traditional societies into industrial societies	56
6987832724	mulatto	the term used in Spanish and Portuguese colonies to describe someone of mixed African and European descent	57
6987832725	nation-state	an independent geopolitical unit of people having a common culture and identity	58
6987832727	natural resources	the natural wealth of a country, consisting of land, forests, mineral deposits, water, etc.; natural resources 1) make a country wealth, 2) have a limit, and 3) are not man-made	59
6987832729	occidental	west; denoting or characteristic of countries of Europe and the Western Hemisphere	60
6987832730	oligarchy	a political system governed by a small group of people	61
6987832731	oriental	east; denoting or characteristic of the biogeographic region including southern Asia and the Malay Archipelago as far as the Philippines and Borneo and Java	62
6987832733	pandemic	disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population	63
6987832734	Pangaea	the super continent where all the continents were once joined	64
6987832735	patriarchy	a society in which the father is the supreme authority in the family, clan or tribe and children belong to the fathers family or tribe; men have authority over woman and children.	65
6987832736	peninsula	body of land jutting into a lake or ocean, surrounded on three sides by water	66
6987832737	physical map	a map that shows mountains, hills, plains, rivers, lakes, oceans, etc.	67
6987832738	plains	an extensive area of level and rolling, treeless country, often covered by rich, fertile soil	68
6987832739	plantation	an estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas)	69
6987832740	plateau	a large area of flat land elevated high above sea	70
6987832741	political map	a map showing units such as countries, states, provinces, districts, etc.l each is normally a different color	71
6987832742	polytheistic	worshipping or believing in more than one god	72
6987832743	population density	number of individuals per unit area	73
6987832744	prime meridian	a line that runs north to south through Greenwich England; other meridians are measured from this	74
6987832745	prime minister	the leader of the executive branch of a parliamentary government	75
6987832746	race	people who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock	76
6987832747	refugees	people who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion	77
6987832748	rite of passage	a ritual performed in some cultures at times when a individual changes his status (as from adolescence to adulthood)	78
6987832749	rituals	another name for ceremonies or rites	79
6987832750	rural	of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the country, country life, or country people; of or pertaining to agriculture: rural economy	80
6987832751	savanna	grassland with scattered trees; found in tropical regions of Africa, Australia, and South America	81
6987832752	secular	not spiritual or religious; worldly	82
6987832753	sedentary	not migratory; settled	83
6987832754	shantytown	a usually poor town or section of a town consisting mostly of small wooden shacks	84
6987832755	sharecropping	system in which landowners leased a few acres of land to farm workers in return for a portion of their crops	85
6987832756	social classes	group of people who hold similar positions in society, share similar wealth, and receive similar respect from other members of society	86
6987832758	standard of living	the level of material comfort as measured by the goods, services, and luxuries available to an individual, group, or nation	87
6987832759	subsistence farming	farming that provides for the basic needs of the farmer without surpluses for marketing	88
6987832760	sultan	a noble title for the ruler of a Muslim country (especially of the former Ottoman Empire)	89
6987832761	tariff	a government tax on imports or exports	90
6987832762	theocracy	a government controlled by religious leaders	91
6987832764	trade	the business of buying and selling or exchanging items	92
6987832765	tributary	a stream or river that flows into a larger river	93
6987832766	uniformity	sameness; monotony; (adj.) uniform: the same all over	94
6987832768	urban	of, relating to, or located in a city; characteristic of the city or city life	95
6987832769	urbanization	the growth of cities and the migration of people into them	96
6987832770	weather	the temperature and humidity of a place at a specific time	97
6987832771	westernization	the adoption of Western culture, including government, food, clothing, religion and customs	98