AP World History Chapter 21 Flashcards

9150242902	tsar	Russian ruler that was the equivalent of an emperor before 1917.	0
9150242903	Ivan III	Also known as Ivan the Great; prince of Duchy of Moscow; claimed descent from Rurik; responsible for freeing Russia from Mongols after 1462; took title of tsar or Caesar--- equivalent of emperor.	1
9150278390	boyars	Russian aristocratic landlords who interfered with the tsar's "rule without interference."	2
9150278234	Ivan IV	Also known as Ivan the Terrible; confirmed power of tsarist autocracy by attacking authority of boyars; continued policy of Russian expansion; established contacts with western European commerce and culture.	3
9150288531	Cossacks	Peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia; combined agriculture with military conquests; spurred additional frontier conquests and settlements.	4
9150296304	Time of Troubles	Followed death of Ivan IV without heir early in 17th century; boyars attempted to use vacuum of power to reestablish their authority; ended with selection of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613.	5
9150296305	Romanov Dynasty	Dynasty elected in 1613 at end of Time of Troubles, ruled Russia until 1917.	6
9150296887	Alexis Romanov	(1904-1918) The Russian heir to the throne at the time of the Russian Revolution and the youngest member of the royal family at the time of their execution.	7
9150317850	Old Believers	Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov; many exiled to Siberia or southern Russia where they became part of Russian colonization.	8
9150320011	Stephen Razin	led serf revolt and declared freedom for all serfs under landlord control; was eventually shut down by tsarist troops.	9
9150317851	Peter I	Also known as Peter the Great, son of Alexis Romanov; continued growth of absolutism and conquest; included more definite interest in changing selected aspects of economy and culture through imitation of western European models.	10
9150348379	Catherine the Great	German-born Russian tsarina in 18th century; ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule and accepted western cultural influence; maintained nobility as service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry.	11
9150348390	Pugachev Rebellion	During 1770s in reign of Catherine the Great; led by Cossack Pugachev who claimed to be legitimate tsar; eventually crushed; typical of peasant unrest from this point forward.	12
9150369048	Partition of Poland	Division of Polish territory among Russia, Prussia, and Austria; eliminated Poland as independent state; part of expansion of Russian influence in eastern Europe.	13
9150380955	serfdom	began after the fall of Mongols in Russia; gave the government a way to satisfy the nobility and regulate peasants when the government itself lacked the bureaucratic means to extend direct controls over the common people; very close to outright slavery.	14