AP World History- Period 5 Flashcards
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| 9421537579 | Enlightenment | 18th century movement that advocated reason as the primary source of authority and legitamacy | 0 | |
| 9421537580 | Reason | truth through logical reasoning | 1 | |
| 9421537581 | Nature | nature is good; natural laws of politics and economics | 2 | |
| 9421537582 | Happiness | live by nature's laws and you will find happiness | 3 | |
| 9421537583 | Progress | believed society and humankind could be perfected | 4 | |
| 9421537584 | Liberty | believed society should be set free | 5 | |
| 9421537585 | Religious toleration (theme) | adhere to a secular society that allows people to worship freely without concern of persecution | 6 | |
| 9421537586 | Freedom of expression (theme) | allow citizen to speak their minds freely about any topic and refrain from government censorship | 7 | |
| 9421537587 | Opposition to absolutism (theme) | limit the devine right theory and prevent one man (or occasionally women) from retaining all the power to govern | 8 | |
| 9421537588 | Laissez-faire (theme) | government should keep "hands off" approach to business and support capitalistic ventures | 9 | |
| 9421537589 | Humanitarianism (theme) | punishments should fit the crime and criminals should be treated justly | 10 | |
| 9421537590 | Education (theme) | a well educated society is a prosperous society | 11 | |
| 9421537591 | Scientific Spirit (theme) | encourage progress through reason and scientific inquiry | 12 | |
| 9421537592 | Thomas Hobbes | believed that people are born selfish and aggressive and need a strong central authority (aka monarch) | 13 | |
| 9421537593 | John Locke | •believed all people have a right to life, liberty, and property •father of Liberalism •consent of the governed | 14 | |
| 9421537594 | Impact of the Enlightenment | •revolutions: American, French, Haitian •abolition of slavery, promotion of education, social equality •importance of individuals- people judge right and wrong | 15 | |
| 9421537595 | American Revolution | •the revolution of the American colonies against Great Britain due to GB's harsh taxes •ended through the Treaty of Paris •colonies became independent | 16 | |
| 9421537596 | French Revolution | •a rebellion of French people against their monarchy over the reform of taxes •led to paralysis and bankruptcy •land was freed and the corporate society was destroyed | 17 | |
| 9421537597 | Haitian Revolution | •the only successful slave revolt in history •led by Toussaint L'Ouverture •propelled to free slaves and Mulattoes (semi-citizens) •ended slavery and French control | 18 | |
| 9421537598 | Declaration of Independence | •signed in 1776 by US revolutionaries/founding fathers (biggest influence- Thomas Jefferson and Ben Franklin); it declared the United States as a free state. •purpose was to establish a new government and to declare war on Great Britain | 19 | |
| 9421537599 | The Declaration of Right of Man | •document of the French Revolution •it's purpose was to establish the rights of French citizens | 20 | |
| 9421537600 | The Jamaica Letter | •written during self-imposed exile •purpose was to affirm Simon Bolivar's (a Venezuelan military and political leader) undying faith in independence | 21 | |
| 9421537601 | Napoleon at the Beginning | •completed 2 year military course in 18 months •saves the nation by firing cannons in the street at the royalists | 22 | |
| 9421537602 | Napoleon's Reign | •helped create equality for all male citizens •security of personal wealth and property | 23 | |
| 9421537603 | Napoleon's Fall of Power | abdicated the throne two years after French invasion of Russian and was exiled to the island of Elba | 24 | |
| 9421537604 | The Continental System | •France destroys all trade with Britain which destroys the French economy •no one listened | 25 | |
| 9421537605 | The Peninsular War | •first great revolt against Napoleon's power occured in Spain. •Spanish revolt after Joesph was put on the throne •Spain and Portugal VS. France. •France lost men, money, and materials bc they were fighting an un-winnable war | 26 | |
| 9421537606 | The invasion of Russia | •Napoleon invaded in spring of 1812 with 500,000 men with him •winter consumed the army •Napoleon returned with 50,000 men •Europe kicked Napoleon off of continent | 27 | |
| 9421537607 | Klemens von Metternich | •the Foreign Minister of Austria; he had the most influence at the Congress of Vienna •put Europe back together •brought back conservative forces that would oppose nationalist movements and revolutions | 28 | |
| 9421537608 | Results of the Congress of Vienna | •reinstated everyone's original borders •monarchs ousted by Napoleon were put back (Legitimacy) •banned anyone from attacking France in its weakened state •struck "balance of power" amount Europe- no nation afraid of neighbor •subdued revolutionary thoughts and actions •created peace in Europe where nations got money instead of war | 29 | |
| 9421537609 | Agricultural Revolution | a period in which humans began to grow crops instead of gathering plants | 30 | |
| 9421537610 | Enclosure Acts | •end the open field system in England- began the agricultural revolution •led to an increase in the size of farms held by large landowners •British laws that allowed large landowners to enclose their fields | 31 | |
| 9421537611 | Mechanization | •machines are used to mass produce cloth and thread •faster and cheaper cloth production •machines are so large factories are necessary •waterwheels are used for source of power | 32 | |
| 9421537612 | Cotton Gin | •a machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers •sped up process of turning raw cotton into cotton ready for textiles | 33 | |
| 9421537613 | Spinning Jenny | •a machine that could spin several threads at once •turned raw cotton into yarn | 34 | |
| 9421537614 | Flying shuttle | •an invention that sped up the weaving process •turned thread into material | 35 | |
| 9421537615 | Steam Engine | •made waterpower obsolete •factories could be built away from water •locomotive | 36 | |
| 9421537616 | Fossil Fuels | •initially coal •later in 19th century petroleum was used •led to development of the internal combustion engine | 37 | |
| 9421537617 | Steel | •lighter, stronger, and more flexible •allowed societies to build up (buildings, bridges, etc) •king of metals | 38 | |
| 9421537618 | Second Industrial Revolution | •a period of rapid growth in manufacturing and industry in the late 1800s •steam went to gas •telegraph, telephone, radio developing •steam boat/train, electric trolley, subway, automobile •modern chemistry, advances in medicine •Charles Darwin •science and faith cross | 39 | |
| 9421537619 | Impact of Revolution on Family/Women | •work and home life became sharply separated •men earned money for their families •women took care of the home and saw their economic role decline | 40 | |
| 9421537620 | Impact of Revolution on Environment | •major increase in population •increase in living standards led to the depletion of natural resources •use of chemicals and fuel in factories resulted in increased air and water pollution and an increased use of fossil fuels | 41 | |
| 9421537621 | Impact of Revolution on less developed countries | inequality between countries who didn't go through the same developments | 42 | |
| 9421537622 | Imperialism | •a policy of extending rule over foreign countries •larger/powerful country takes over smaller/weaker country | 43 | |
| 9421537623 | Social Darwinism | the belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle | 44 | |
| 9421537624 | Need for Berlin Conference | •Europeans felt they should civilize the African continent •Europeans got agitated with each other over who got what •"scramble for Africa" | 45 | |
| 9421537625 | Impact of Imperialism | •global economy developed •infrastructure was built in places that couldn't do it on their own •schools/hospitals/governments were created •racism- state sponsored •new war weapons introduced •Europeans pillage to Africa for her natural resources | 46 | |
| 9462886995 | Geography (impact on revolution) | Europe was located on the Atlantic and machines needed natural resources and places to be shipped | 47 | |
| 9462895141 | Natural Resources (impact on revolution) | -Fueled new inventions -Water power fueled machines and transportation -Britain had coal and iron | 48 | |
| 9462911092 | Social Changes (impact on revolution) | Urbanization | 49 | |
| 9462914581 | Agricultural Surpluses (impact on revolution) | -Wealthy landowners enlarged farms -Improvement in crop roatation | 50 | |
| 9462922091 | Advanced Economics (impact on revolution) | -Improvement in trading and manufacturing -The invention of banks led to loans for buisnessmen | 51 | |
| 9462931809 | Importance of Steam Engines | Allowed factories to be located away from water | 52 | |
| 9462940413 | Importance of Internal Combustion Engine | Sped up the process of manufacturing | 53 | |
| 9462949688 | Impact of fossil fuels | -They were an ideal energy source -They made up for the lack of other natural resources | 54 | |
| 9462963103 | Initial Impact of Industrial Rev. on United States | -Industrialization was delayed until they had enough laborers and money -Urbanization | 55 | |
| 9462975267 | Initial Impact of Industrial Rev. on Japan | -It transformed the Samurai culture- Japan tried to break free of its isolation -It made it easier for Japan to form a successful economy during WW2 | 56 | |
| 9463030780 | Initial Impact of Industrial Rev. on Russia | -Created new jobs: mining, factory work, and railroad construction -Allowed growth in population and the labor force | 57 | |
| 9463055488 | 2nd Industrial Revolution | -The production of steel was perfected (which led to an increase in buildings and factories) -There was an increase in chemistry, medicine, and steel motors | 58 | |
| 9463069446 | Steel during 2nd Industrial Revolution | Lots of improvement in building and machineary | 59 | |
| 9463076679 | Factories during 2nd Industrial Revolution | -Due to steel -Opened more jobs | 60 | |
| 9463084903 | Chemistry and Medicine during 2nd Industrial Revolution | Lots of improvement | 61 | |
| 9463092694 | Impact of Industrialization | Changed how goods were produced | 62 | |
| 9463154596 | Need for raw materials for factories | These were needed for the increasing amount of goods produced in factories | 63 | |
| 9463164269 | Need for increased food supplies for the growing population of urban centers | Larger population- more food | 64 | |
| 9463175915 | Natural Resources that were key to the rise of export economies | -Cotton -Rubber -Sugar | 65 | |
| 9463236546 | Role of Steam Powered production in Europe/US | -It was used to pump water and they were used in mining -It allowed for a faster energy source | 66 | |
| 9463375738 | Middle Eastern/Asian manufacture decline during Indus. Rev. | -They rejected Western Culture (they thought it was a phase) -Ex. Ottoman Empire | 67 | |
| 9463411436 | Adam Smith | -Wrote the "Wealth of Nations" (basically the "Bible of Capitalism" -He wanted to minimize the role of government intervention and taxation in the free markets | 68 | |
| 9463415703 | Capitalism | When private owners control the economic and political system for profit (instead of state) | 69 | |
| 9463444381 | Transnational Business | International Businesses | 70 | |
| 9463448337 | Stocks | Securities that represent part ownership or equity in a corporation | 71 | |
| 9463449883 | Banks | Financial institutions that accept deposits and make loans | 72 | |
| 9463490998 | Importance of Railroads | Gave manufacturers a cheap way to transport materials and finished projects | 73 | |
| 9463495522 | Importance of Steamships | Allowed for consistent transportation without depending on weather | 74 | |
| 9463506542 | Importance of Telegraphs | They revolutionized long distance communication | 75 | |
| 9463543443 | Canals | They allowed for heavy produce to be moved that couldn't be moved on roads | 76 | |
| 9463548223 | Marxism | EQUALITY -Wanted an absence of government -Communist Manifesto -Believed that wealthy taking advantage of poor isn't fair -Declared equality and no social classes | 77 | |
| 9463568349 | Utopian Socialism | -The government should create equality -Proponents: Robert Owens and Charles Forway | 78 | |
| 9463579492 | Socialism | Government involvement | 79 | |
| 9463746065 | Maintenance of the Ottoman Empire | Government: Sultan- supreme ruler of the centralized government | 80 | |
| 9463760228 | Reforms of the Ottoman Empire | Tried to Westernize (railroads) but they failed | 81 | |
| 9463767035 | Qing Empire Reforms | -Tried to regain power after the Boxer Rebellion through cultural, economic, educational, military, and political reforms -Tried to westernize schools, created new judicial policies, prisons | 82 | |
| 9463782392 | Japan Reforms | Meiji Restoration- restored practical imperial rule to Japan | 83 |