Chapter 8 & 9 Vocab AP WORLD HISTORY Flashcards

5104543155	Mecca	a city in Saudi Arabia that Muslims consider to be a holy city in Islam, or any place that is the center of an activity and attracts many visitors with a similar interest.	0
5104543156	Muhammad	The Arab founder of Islam, Muhammad is held by Muslims to be the chief prophet of God. He was born in Mecca.	1
5104543727	Medina	the old Arab or non-European quarter of a North African town.	2
5104543728	Muslim	a follower of the religion of Islam.	3
5104543729	Islam	the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah.	4
5104545181	Caliphate	an area containing an Islamic steward known as a caliph —a person considered a religious successor to the Islamic prophet, Muhammad (Muhammad ibn ʿAbdullāh), and a leader of the entire Muslim community.	5
5104547107	Quran	the Islamic sacred book, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel and written down in Arabic.	6
5104550166	Shi'ites	an adherent of the Shia branch of Islam.	7
5104550167	Sunnis	one of the two main branches of Islam, commonly described as orthodox, and differing from Shia in its understanding of the Sunna and in its acceptance of the first three caliphs.	8
5104550168	Ulama	a body of Muslim scholars recognized as having specialist knowledge of Islamic sacred law and theology.	9
5104550217	Hadith	a collection of traditions containing sayings of the prophet Muhammad that, with accounts of his daily practice (the Sunna), constitute the major source of guidance for Muslims apart from the Koran.	10
5104552269	Mamluks	an Arabic designation for slaves	11
5104552270	Charlemagne	Charles the Great, King of the Franks.	12
5104552271	Medieval	of or relating to the Middle Ages.	13
5104553088	Kievan Russia	a loose federation of East Slavic tribes in Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century, under the reign of the Rurik dynasty.	14
5104554683	Byzantine Empire	was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, originally founded as Byzantium).	15
5104554684	Schism	a split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties, caused by differences in opinion or belief.	16
5104554685	Serf	an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.	17
5104555334	Fief	an estate of land, especially one held on condition of feudal service	18
5104555335	Vassal	a holder of land by feudal tenure on conditions of homage and allegiance.	19
5104555336	Papacy	the office or authority of the pope.	20
5104556467	Holy Roman Empire	a multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.	21
5104556468	Investiture Controversy	the most important conflict between secular and religious powers in medieval Europe. It began as a dispute in the 11th century between the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII.	22
5104557353	Monasticism	monkhood is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work. ... Males pursuing a monastic life are generally called monks while female monastics are called nuns.	23
5104557354	Crusades	a medieval military expedition, one of a series made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.	24
5104558060	Pilgrimage	a pilgrim's journey.	25