AP Biology - Chapter 15 Flashcards

6591641827	chromosome theory of inheritance	a basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns	0
6591641828	wild type	an individual with the phenotype most commonly observed in natural populations; also refers to the phenotype itself	1
6591641829	sex-linked gene	a gene located on a sex chromosome (usually the X chromosome), resulting in a distinctive pattern of inheritance	2
6591641830	duchenne muscular dystrophy	a human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue	3
6591641831	hemophila	a human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele resulting in the absence of one or more blood-clotting proteins; characterized by excessive bleeding following injury	4
6591641832	linked genes	genes located close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together	5
6591641833	genetic recombination	general term for the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent	6
6591641834	parental type	an offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes; also refers to the phenotype itself	7
6591641835	recombinant type (recombinant)	an offspring whose phenotype differs from that of the parents; also refers to the phenotype itself	8
6591641836	crossing over	the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis	9
6591641837	genetic map	an ordered list of genetic loci (genes or other genetic markers) along a chromosome	10
6591641838	linkage map	a genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes	11
6591641839	map units	a unit of measurement of the distance between genes. one map unit is equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency	12
6591641840	cytogenic maps	a chart of a chromosome that locates genes with respect to chromosomal features distinguishable in a microscope	13
6591641841	nondisjunction	an error in meiosis or mitosis in which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate properly from each other	14
6591641842	aneuploidy	a chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or deficient in number	15
6591641843	monosomic	referring to a cell that has only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two	16
6591641844	trisomic	referring to a diploid cell that has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two	17
6591641845	polyploidy	a chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. it is the result of an accident of cell division	18
6591641846	deletion	a deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage; a mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene	19
6591641847	duplication	an aberration in chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome, such that a portion of a chromosome is duplicated	20
6591641848	inversion	an aberration in chromosome structure resulting from reattachment of a chromosomal fragment in a reverse orientation to the chromosome from which it originated	21
6591641849	translocation	an aberration in chromosome structure resulting from attachment of a chromosomal fragment to a nonhomologous chromosome	22
6591641850	down syndrome	a human genetic disease caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21; characterized by mental retardation and heart and respiratory defects	23
6591641851	klinefelter syndrome	XXY, people with this disorder have male sex organs, but the testes are abnormally small and the man is sterile	24
6591641852	turner syndrome	XO, people with this disorder are phenotypically female, they are sterile because their sex organs do not mature	25