AP European History - Renaissance Flashcards

7373245459	The Renaissance	The period of artistic, cultural, and intellectual revival from 1300-1600; known as the beginning of modern history because it breaks from Medieval views.	0
7373245460	Jacob Burckhardt	A 19th century historian who claimed the Renaissance period stood in distinct contrast to the Middle Ages.	1
7373245461	The Medici Family	Most famous dynasty of merchants and bankers who used their wealth to govern city-states and patronize the arts.	2
7373245462	Cosimo de Medici	Allied with other powerful families of Florence and became the unofficial ruler of the republic.	3
7373245463	Lorenzo de Medici	Major patron of the arts.	4
7373245464	Duchy of Milan	Major enemy of Florence throughout much of the Renaissance.	5
7373245465	Peace of Lodi	1454. Resulted in a balance of power and peace between Milan, Florence, and Naples that lasted until French invasions of the 1490s.	6
7373245466	The Papal States	Controlled by the Renaissance Popes: Alexander VI (Borgia Pope), Julius II (Warrior Pope), and Leo X (Medici Pope).	7
7373245468	Girolamo Savonarola	Established theocracy in Florence after removal of Medici familiy.	8
7373245469	Niccolo Machiavelli	The Prince - Revolutionized politics by describing the methods to obtain and maintain power. Emphasized practical politics.	9
7373245470	Humanism	Stress education, intellect, and individualism; emphasis on the unique and creative personality. Man wrote on human behavior, not religion.	10
7373245471	Petrarch	Father of Humanism; Love Letters to Laura - First large group of writings unrelated to the Pope.	11
7373245472	Leonardo Bruni	Wrote history of Florence; first to use the term "humanism."	12
7373245473	Lorenzo Valla	On the False Donation of Constantine - Exposed false land claims of the Catholic Church.	13
7373245474	Marsilio Ficino	Founder of the Platonic Academy.	14
7373245475	Pico della Mirandola	Oration on the Dignity of Man - Emphasized humans are capable of achieving great things and are made in God's image.	15
7373245476	Baldassare Castiglione	The Book of The Courtier - Emphasized ideas of the Renaissance Man: well read in classics, a gentleman, warrior, poet, musician, etc.	16
7373245477	Johann Gutenberg	Printing Press - Facilitated the spread of humanistic literature to the rest of Europe.	17
7373245480	New Artistic Techniques	Perspective, proportion, chiaroscuro (light/ shadow), individualism, sfumato (blur/ sharpening of lines), Greek/ Roman influence.	18
7373245481	Giotto	Considered the first real Renaissance artist.	19
7373245482	Sandro Botticelli	Birth of Venus.	20
7373245483	Michelangelo	Brunelleschi's Dome, the Last Judgement.	21
7373245484	Raphael	School of Athens.	22
7373245485	Leonardo da Vinci	The Last Supper, Mona Lisa.	23
7373245486	Titian	Venus of Urbino.	24
7373245487	Ghiberti	The Gates of Paradise.	25
7373245488	Donatello	David.	26
7373245489	Filippo Brunelleschi	IL Duomo.	27
7373245490	Secularism	Emphasis on the here and now rather than the afterlife.	28
7373245491	Individualism	A sense of human power replaced religious awe, people now valued involvement instead of piety.	29
7373245492	Laura Creta	Well known humanist and feminist. Epistolae Familiars (Familiar Letters) - Criticism of 15th century gender bias.	30
7373245493	Christian Humanism	Emphasis on early Church writings for answers to improve society, education, power of human intellect.	31
7373245494	Erasmus	In Praise of Folly - Criticized immorality and hypocrisy of Church leaders and the clergy.	32
7373245495	Thomas More	Utopia - Idea of an ideal society with harmony and order, but it lacked individual rights.	33
7373245497	Skepticism	Doubt that true knowledge could be obtained. Believed the skeptic must be cautious, critical, and suspend judgement.	34
7373245498	Cervantes	Don Quixote - Mocking the middle ages; critical of excessive religious idealism and chivalric romance.	35
7373245499	Brueghel	Hunters in the Snow.	36
7373245500	Jan Van Eyck	Arnold Fini and His Bride.	37
7373245501	Albrecht Durer	The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.	38
7373245503	Women in the Renaissance	Increased education, functioned as "ornaments" to their husbands and make themselves pleasing to the man, sexual-double standard imposed.	39
7373245504	Christine de Pisan	The City of Ladies - chronological accomplishments of great women in history.	40
7373245505	Isabella d'Este	Set an example for women to break away from their traditional roles, ruled after the death of her husband.	41
7373245506	Nuclear Family	A married couple and their unmarried children living together, no extended family.	42