APES Unit 1 Flashcards

7247766444	Common	Publicly owned, "no ownership", renewable resources.	0
7247768461	Tragedy of the Commons	Open-access renewable resources and shared resources are environmentally degrading.	1
7247773883	Demographics	Population experts.	2
7247775692	Cultural Carrying Capacity	Maximum number of people who could reasonably live with out decreasing the ability of earth to sustain further generations.	3
7247780005	Population	A group of interbreeding individuals of the same species.	4
7247782824	Opportunists	Get resources when they have the opportunity to.	5
7247786431	Limiting Factor Principle	Too much or too little of any physical or chemical factor can limit or prevent the growth of a population, even if all other factors are at or near the optimal range of tolerance.	6
7247791741	Population Density	The number of individuals in a population found within a defined area.	7
7247793523	Environmental Resistance	The combination of all factors that act to limit growth of a population.	8
7247795803	Carrying Capacity	The maximum population of a species that a habitat can sustain indefinitely.	9
7247798539	Population Crash	Population has a sharp decline.	10
7247800895	Crude Birth Rate	Number of live births per 1,000 people.	11
7247801971	Crude Death Rate	Number of deaths per 1,000 people.	12
7247805556	Population Change	(Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration)	13
7247809794	Fertility Rate	How many children are born in a population over a set period of time.	14
7247813403	Replacement-Level Fertility Rate	The average number of kids a couple must have to replace themselves.	15
7247814554	Total Fertility Rate	Average number of children born to women in their reproductive years.	16
7247816709	Life Expectancy	Average age someone will live to.	17
7247819301	Infant Mortality Rate	Average number of infant deaths before their first birthday out of 1,000.	18
7247821732	Migration	Movement of people.	19
7247822671	Age Structure	Number of males and females in young, middle, and old age range.	20
7247826698	Demographic Transition	As countries become industrialized and economically developed, the population will grow slowly.	21
7247831291	Family Planning	Helps couples choose how many kids they want and when they should have them.	22
7247834905	Food Security	All people in a population have daily access to food.	23
7247836955	Food Insecurity	Living with chronic hunger or poor nutrition.	24
7247842194	Urbanization	Creation and growth of urban areas.	25
7247843050	Urban Growth	Rate of increase of urban populations.	26
7247844151	Urban Sprawl	Growth of low density development on edges of cities and towns.	27
7289729376	Demography	The study of people and populations.	28
7289740418	Green Revolution	The increase in agricultural productivity due to improvements in farming technology.	29
7289758341	Density Dependent Factors	Factors that vary depending on the amount of people in the area.	30
7289768815	Density Independent Factors	Factors that have no connection to the amount of people in the area.	31
7289776316	Doubling Time	70/ birth rate	32
7308474646	Survivorship	The percentage of a population reaching a given age or the proportion of the maximum life span of the species reached by any individual.	33
7308481521	Biotic Potential	The maximum capacity of an individual or population to reproduce under optimal environmental conditions.	34
7308492356	Competitors	Take care of their young, gather more resources, live longer.	35
7308496761	R- species	Lay lots of eggs--> not many survive.	36
7308498536	K-species	Lay few eggs--> higher survival rate.	37
7308515533	Population Momentum	The tendency for population to grow despite a fall in birth rate or fertility levels.	38
7308524797	Intrinsic Rate of Increase	The rate a population would grow with unlimited resources	39
7308534662	Exponential Growth	J-Shaped curve-- a constant rate per time period.	40
7308535922	J Curve	Exponential growth.	41
7308542017	Logistic Growth	Exponential growth with small population, steady decrease in growth rate as population encounter environmental resistance and approaches carrying capacity.	42
7308545812	Population Overshoot	Populations of some species temporarily exceed the carrying capacity.	43
7308547084	Surplus	Having an excess of something.	44
7308553080	Baby Boom	1945-1965: following WW2, veterans came home and wanted to start families and they all had mass babies at the same time.	45
7308568758	Baby Bust	1965-1975: another decline in birth rates because the babies from the baby boom weren't old enough to have kids yet.	46
7308574736	Immigration	The movement of people into an area.	47
7308580306	Emigration	The movement of people out of an area.	48
7308591641	Net Migration	The difference between immigration and emigration in a given year per 1,000 people in a country.	49
7308597366	Population Explosion	The sudden growth of a population.	50
7308600293	Population Growth Curve		51
7308607930	S Curve	The population is exponential, then wavy at the top as it stabilizes.	52
7308614598	Ecological Footprint	The impact of human activities measured in terms of the area of biologically productive land and water required to produce the goods consumed and to assimilate the wastes generated.	53
7308619455	Natural Capital Degradation	The degradation of natural resources.	54
7308625021	Pre-Reproductive Age	1-14	55
7308626147	Reproductive Age	15-45	56
7308627213	Post-Reproductive Age	45+	57
7308657531	Pre-Industrial Stage	The first stage of the demographic transition model, characterized by conditions that defined most of human history.	58
7308661410	Transitional Stage	The first stage of the demographic transition model, characterized by conditions that defined most of human history.	59
7308665698	Industrial Stage	The third stage of the demographic, characterized by falling birth rates and closed the gap of falling death rates, reduced population growth.	60
7308669742	Post-Industrial Stage	Fourth and final stage of demographic, both birth and death rates have fallen and remained stable, population may even decline slightly.	61
7308683228	Gross National Product	Gross national product is the value of all goods and services produced by a country in one year from all national and international business; per capita means divided by population.	62
7308719339	Environmental Impact	Possible adverse effects caused by a development, industrial, or infrastructural project or by the release of a substance in the environment.	63