AP BIO Flashcards

7308632290	Hydroxyl Group	Group Properties: Polar due to the electronegativity of oxygen; forms Hydrogen bonds with water, helping dissolve compounds such as sugar Compound name: Alcohol (specific name usually ends in -ol) Example: Ethanol, the alcohol present in alcoholic beverage	0
7308646533	Carbonyl Group	Group Properties: sugars with ketone groups are called ketoses; those with aldehydes are called aldoses Compound Name: Ketone (carbonyl group is within a carbon skeleton) or aldehyde (carbonyl group is at the end of a carbon skeleton) Example: Acetone, the simplest ketone; Propanal, an aldehyde	1
7308673132	Carboxyl Group	Group Properties: Acts as an acid (can donate H+) because the covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is so polar Compound name: Carboxylic acid or organic acid Example: Acetic acid, which gives vinegar its sour taste	2
7308697264	Amino Group	Group Properties: Acts as a base; can pick up an H+ from the surrounding solution (water, in living organisms) Compound name: Amine Example: Glycine, an amino acid	3
7308698765	Sulfhydryl Group	Group Properties: Two- SH groups can react, forming a "cross-link" that helps stabilize protien structure; hair protien cross-links maintain the straighteness or curliness of hair, in hair salons permanent treatments break cross-links then re-form them while the hair is in the desire shape Compound name: thiol Example: Cysteine, a sulfur-containing amino acid	4
7308698766	Phosphate Group	Group Properties: contributes negative charge (1- when positioned inside a chain of phosphates; 2- when at the end); when attached, confers on a molecule the ability to react with water, releasing energy Compound Name: organic phosphate Example: Glycerol Phosphate, which takes part in many important chemical reactions in cells	5
7308700301	Methyl Group	Group Properties: affects the expression of genes when on DNA or on protien bound to DNA; affects the shape and function of male and female sex hormones Compound Name: methylated compound Example: 5-methlcytosine, a component of DNA that has been modified by addition of a methyl group	6
7308768306	Ane	1	7
7308768324	Ene	2	8
7308772737	Yne	3	9
7308772738	Meth	1	10
7308775025	Eth	2	11
7308775026	Prop	3	12
7308777138	But	4	13
7308777139	Pent	5	14
7308777704	Hex	6	15