Ap Environmental Science Population Flashcards

8415523051	Three types of population distribution	Random, Uniform, Clumped	0
8415523052	Density Dependent Factor	A factor that influences an individuals probability of survival and reproduction in a manner that depends on the size of the population (i.e. predation, disease, food supply)	1
8415523053	Density Independent Factor	A factor that has the same effect on a individual's probability of survival and reproduction at any populations size	2
8415523054	exponential growth models	occurs when populations are not limited by resources. (J-curve)	3
8415523055	logistical growth model	occurs when populations reach a carrying capacity established by a limiting resource and initially experience large growth but then level off. However, they do not exist exactly at carrying capacity. They fluctuate above and below.	4
8415523056	Type I, II, III Curves	reproductive strategies of different species. Type I fosters their young, Type II does sorta kinda, and type III straight up ditches their kids	5
8415523057	K selective strategies	A species with a low intrinsic growth rate that causes the population to increase slowly until it reaches carrying capacity (TYPE I)	6
8415523058	R selective strategies	A species with a high intrinsic growth rate that causes the population to overshoot and quickly die off (TYPE III)	7
8415523059	Population size	The total number of individuals within a defined area at a given time	8
8415523060	Population density	The number of individuals per unit area at a given time	9
8415523061	Population distribution	How individuals are distributed with respect to one another	10
8415523062	Population age structure	how many individuals fit into age categories. Shown by age structure diagrams	11
8415523063	Growth Rate	The number of offspring an individual can produce in a given period of time, minus the deaths of the individual or offspring during the same period	12
8415523064	Competition	The struggle of individuals to obtain a limiting resource	13
8415523065	Resource partitioning	Where species work together and divide up a resource like birds in a tree-this can reduce competition	14
8415523066	Predation	The use of one species as a resource by another species	15
8415523067	Parasites	Type of predation when species live on or in the organism they consume	16
8415523068	Mutualism	A type of interspecific interaction where both species benefit	17
8415523069	Commensalism	A type of relationship in which one species benefits but the other is neither helped nor hurt	18
8415523070	Primary Succession	Occurs on surfaces that are initially devoid of soil. Starts with moss and lichens on the exposed rock and it it progresses to shrubs and plants and eventually restores ecosystem.	19
8415523071	Secondary Succession	Occurs in areas that have been disturbed but have not lost their soil	20
8415523072	Community Ecology	The study of the interactions between species in a habitat	21
8415523073	Competitive exclusion principle	two species competing for the same limited resource cannot coexist. This explains why resource partitioning takes place so that both can survive	22
8415523074	Interspecific Competition	When two species compete over one limited resource	23
8415523075	Intraspecific Competition	When two individuals within the same species compete over one limited resource	24
8415523076	Factors that determine species richness	Latitude (distance from equator), Time (older the habitat, the higher SR), Habitat size (larger=greater)	25
8415523077	Theory of Island Biogeography	Explains that both habitat size and distance from other land determine species richness	26
8415523078	How does the human population not have a food deficit?	Innovation and Technology	27
8415523079	growth rate equation	CBR-CDR/10	28
8415523080	doubling time for a population equation	70/growth rate	29
8415523081	Demography	The study of human populations and population trends	30
8415523082	Total Fertility Rate (TFR)	estimate of the average number of children each woman will bear in her lifetime	31
8415523083	Replacement level fertility (RLF) (developed nations)	2.1	32
8415523084	Replacement level fertility (RLF) (developing nations)	2.5	33
8415523085	Developed Countries	Countries with high levels of industrialization and income	34
8415523086	Developing Countries	Countries with relatively low levels of industrialization and income	35
8415523087	Life Expectancy	The average number of years that an infant born in a particular year in a particular country can be expected to live, given the current average life span and death rate of that country	36
8415523088	Infant Mortality Rate	Number of deaths of children under the age of one per 1000 births	37
8415523089	Child Mortality Rate	Number of deaths of children under the age of five per 1000 births	38
8415523090	Demographic Transition	The theory that as a country moves from a subsistence economy to and industrialized one, it undergoes a predictable shift in population growth	39
8415523091	Family Planning	Regulating the number or spacing of children through the use of birth control	40
8415523092	IPAT equation	environmental Impact=Population, Affluence, Technology	41