AP Energy Test Review Flashcards

8259270044	mitochondria		0
8259273402	chloroplast		1
8259283334	matrix	where the Krebs cycle takes place	2
8259287151	citric acid cycle	another name for Krebs cycle	3
8259296454	intermembrane space	H+ ions are actively transported into this area by the ETC during CR	4
8259311807	intermembrane	where ETC is located in mitochondria	5
8259340584	ATP synthase	enzyme involved in chemiosmosis	6
8259348986	oxygen	reduced by electrons leaving the ETC during CR	7
8259361931	NADH and FADH2	electron carriers found in CR	8
8259373035	pyruvate	3-carbon product of glycolysis	9
8259525730	cytosol	where glycolysis happens	10
8259537518	Krebs cycle	process that makes the most NADH during CR	11
8259555791	Electron transport chain	Where electron carriers deliver their electrons	12
8259574040	free energy	energy available for cellular work	13
8259574041	heat	unusable energy created during metabolism	14
8259587740	endergonic	positive delta G reaction	15
8259597646	exergonic	negative delta G reaction	16
8259607727	endothermy	metabolism/thermoregulation type that maintains relatively constant internal temperature	17
8259624877	ectothermy	metabolism/thermoregulation type that is dependent on environmental temperature	18
8259663604	endosymbiosis	theory that describes the origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts	19
8259676014	denature	when proteins lose their shape due to extreme pH or high temperatures	20
8259693101	competitive inhibition	when a non-substrate molecule binds to an enzyme's active site	21
8259714904	allosteric inhibition	active site changed when molecule binds to other area of an enzyme	22
8259720946	fix	converting a gas into usable form	23
8259807949	feedback inhibition	enzyme activity stopped by product of the reaction it catalyzes	24
8259832004	cellular respiration		25
8259835331	photosynthesis		26
8259843827	enzyme	biological protein catalyst	27
8259852082	reduction	electrons added to a molecule	28
8259859491	oxidation	electrons removed from a molecule	29
8263051923	wavelength	determines the color and energy level of light	30
8263055578	chlorophyll	primary photosynthetic pigment	31
8263065475	carotenoids	accessory pigments that help plants absorb additional wavelengths of light	32
8263181546	H2O	source of electrons for the light reactions	33
8263181547	thylakoid membrane	where the light reactions take place	34
8263181548	stroma	where the Calvin cycle takes place	35
8263181550	photosystems I and II	uses chlorophyll to boost electrons to a higher energy level during the light reactions	36
8273548908	lipids	next energy source when carbohydrates are unavailable for CR	37
8273553618	proteins	final energy source when carbohydrates and lipids are unavailable for CR	38
8273568099	surface area	determines how much energy can be made during CR and also limits cell size	39
8273596490	fermentation	regenerates NAD+, allows glycolysis to continue	40
8273600320	glycolysis	anaerobic, happens in the cytosol, makes small amounts of ATP and NADH	41
8273628152	substrate level phosphorylation	making ATP with enzymes without using oxidative phosphorylation	42
8273633716	chemiosmosis	using H+ gradient and ATP synthase to make ATP	43
8273640838	oxidative phosphorylation	ETC + chemiosmosis	44
8273644931	ADP	product of exergonic hydrolysis of ATP	45