AP World History Traditions and Encounters 5th Edition CHAPTER 4 Flashcards
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| 7364027009 | Where are the Harappan people? | Neolithic villages in Indus River Valley | 0 | |
| 7364027010 | Indus River | Runs through North India; rich deposits but less predictable than Nile; wheat and barley were cultivated in Indus Valley | 1 | |
| 7364027011 | Two main cities | Harappa and Mohenjo-daro- Each with a fortified citadel and a large granary broad streets, marketplaces, temples, public buildings standardized weights, measures, architectural styles, and brick sizes | 2 | |
| 7364027012 | Society and Culture | Social distinction; religious beliefs emphasized fertility | 3 | |
| 7364027013 | Why did the Harappan society decline? | population decline; possibly natural catastrophes; | 4 | |
| 7364027014 | Aryans | pastoral economy; no writing system; | 5 | |
| 7364027015 | Vedas | orally transmitted works | 6 | |
| 7364027016 | Sanskrit | sacred language | 7 | |
| 7364027017 | Prakit | Daily use language | 8 | |
| 7364027018 | The Vedic Age | boisterous period with conflicts with indigenous people; aryan chiefdoms fought amongst themselves | 9 | |
| 7364027019 | "Dasas" | "Enemies" (the indigenous people) | 10 | |
| 7364027020 | Indra | Aryans' war god and military hero | 11 | |
| 7364027021 | Raja | Chiefdom leader/king | 12 | |
| 7364027022 | Why did they use the caste system? | hereditary, unchangeable social classes | 13 | |
| 7364027023 | Sanskrit word "varna" | "color" refers to social classes | 14 | |
| 7364027024 | Four main varnas | brahmins (priests) kshatriyas (warriors and aristocrats) vaishyas (cultivators, artisans, and merchants) shudras (landless peasants and serfs) and later on the untouchables | 15 | |
| 7364027025 | Jati | subcaste determined by occupations | 16 | |
| 7364027026 | Lawbook of Manu | -death with moral behavior and social relationships and advised men to treat women with honor and respect -subjected women to the control and guidance of men -women's duties: to bear children and maintain the household -prepared by a sage | 17 | |
| 7364027027 | Sati | Social custom in which widow throws self on funeral pyre | 18 | |
| 7364027028 | Aryan gods | -gods of the sun, the sky, the moon, fire, health, disease -god Varuna: ethical concern, cosmic order | 19 | |
| 7364027029 | Ritual Sacrifices | sacrifices, chants, soma; done for rewards from the divine power | 20 | |
| 7364027030 | Upanishads | -works of religious teachings (800-400 B.C.E.) -spiritual and intellectual contemplations | 21 | |
| 7364027031 | Brahman | The universal soul | 22 | |
| 7364027032 | Karma | specific incarnations that a soul experienced | 23 | |
| 7364027033 | Moksha | permanent liberation from physical incarnation | 24 | |
| 7364027034 | Samsara | an individual soul was born many times | 25 | |
| 7364027035 | What was the highest goal? | to escape reincarnation and join with Brahman | 26 |