AMSCO AP World History Chapter 21 Vocabulary Flashcards

8782232413	Deism	The belief that divinity simply set natural laws in motion and then did not intervene	0
8782234903	Romanticism	Artistic movement that spread widely in Europe and the Americas in the 1800s	1
8782234904	Nationalism	A feeling of intense loyalty to others who share one's language and culture	2
8782237468	Voltaire	French Philosopher during the Enlightenment. Believed that religious toleration should triumph over religious extremism. Believed that separation of church and state is best	3
8782237469	Salons	Social gatherings of European intellectuals that took place in the homes of the rich and famous	4
8782270233	French Estates General	First Estate: The Church (clergy). Second State: Nobility Third Estate: The commons, the French bourgeoisie and working class before the French Revolution	5
8782270234	Bourgeoisie	The middle class	6
8782273128	Tennis Court Oath	Called for a constitution limiting the king's power	7
8782273129	Bastile	A former prison that still symbolized the abuses of the monarchy and the corrupt aristocracy	8
8782275599	Primogeniture	The right of an eldest son to inherit all his parent's property	9
8782777172	Maroons	Escaped slaves, revolted against their white masters, killing them, and burning their houses (in Haiti)	10
8782814413	Creoles	A person of mixed European and black descent, especially in the Caribbean	11
8782858640	Mestizos	People who born of European and Indian parents	12
8782880015	Peninsulares	Colonists who born in Spain and Portugal	13
8782904968	Zionism	The desire for Jews to reestablish an independent homeland where their ancestors had lived in the Middle East	14
8783048212	Social Contract	an agreement by which they gave up their freedom for an organized society	15
8783077145	Baron Montesquieu	Enlightenment thinker who supported the idea of separation of powers	16
8783111528	Jean-Jacques Rousseau	French Philosopher during The Enlightenment. He Wrote "The Social Contract". He Believed that government is a contract between rulers and the people.	17
8783166466	Thomas Paine	A patriot and author in the Revolutionary War, who wrote the book: Common Sense. Also defended Deism	18
8783188108	Declaration of Independence	Expressed the philosophy behind the patriots fight against British troops in America	19
8783222486	Separation of Powers	legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.	20
8783285539	Checks and Balances	Counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups.	21
8783295311	Declaration of Rights of Man	A statement declaring basic human rights	22
8783330027	Philosophes	The intellectuals of the 18th-century Enlightenment who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics, and social issues.	23
8783338776	Napoleon Bonaparte	A French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century.	24
8783362863	Maximilien Robespierre	Sought to quell opposition by imposing the death penalty on opponents	25
8783380777	Toussain L'Ouveture	A former slave that joined revolts in 1791 and then he lead a general rebellion against slavery	26
8783526455	Miguel Hidalgo	Called on Indians and mestizos for support in his 1810 drive for Mexican independence from Spain	27
8783559032	Simon Bolivar	Continued to push for Enlightenment ideals in Latin America	28
8783585791	Giuseppe Mazzini	Had been agitating for Italian resurgence (Risorgimento) since early nineteenth century	29
8783641085	Otto Von Bismarck	A practical politician and Prussian leader. He used nationalist feelings to engineer three wars to bring about German unification	30
8783645295	La Reforma	Initiated in Mexico following the ouster of conservative president Antonio López de Santa Anna by a group of liberals under the 1854 Plan de Ayutla	31
8783645296	Realpolitik	A system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations	32
8783645297	Socialism	A political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole	33
8783646982	Adam Smith	Economist who established liberal economics. He also Believed that the government should avoid regulating the economy in favor of market forces challenged. He had Mercantilism beliefs such as a nation's wealth should be measured by its amount of gold and silver	34
8783646983	Laissez-faire	A policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.	35