AP Chemistry Solutions Flashcards
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| 9696790623 | aqueous solution | a solution in which the water is doing the dissolving | 0 | |
| 9696790624 | solution | HOMEGENEOUS mixture of two or more substances | 1 | |
| 9696790625 | solvent | substance present in the greatest quantity and the one the dissolves the other substances | 2 | |
| 9696790626 | solute | the substances in a solution that are being dissolved and is present in the least quantity | 3 | |
| 9696790627 | dissociation | the separation into ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves | 4 | |
| 9696790628 | electrolyte | a substance whose aqueous solutions contain ions and allows electricity to easily pass through commonly with ionic compounds | 5 | |
| 9696790629 | nonelectrolyte | a substance that does not form ions in solution, will not allow electricity pass through it and are commonly molecular (or covalent) compounds | 6 | |
| 9696790630 | solvation | process of dissolving that prevents the cations and anions from recombining; symbolized by (aq) in reactions and causes ions to become dispersed uniformly throughout a solution | 7 | |
| 9696790631 | strong electrolytes | solutes that dissolve 100% and represented by a one-way arrow in reactions | 8 | |
| 9696790632 | weak electrolytes | solutes that exist in solution mostly in their original form with only a small amount dissolving into ions; do not completely dissociate; in a chemical equation, represented by two arrows going in both directions | 9 | |
| 9696790633 | chemical equilibrium | balance that produces a state in which the relative numbers of each type of ion or molecule in the reaction are constant over time; rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction | 10 | |
| 9696790634 | precipitation reaction | reaction that results in the formation of an insoluble product | 11 | |
| 9696790635 | precipitate | an insoluble solid formed by a reaction in solution (insoluble meaning only slightly soluble) | 12 | |
| 9696790636 | solubility | amount of substance that can be dissolved in a certain amount of solvent (at a given temperature) | 13 | |
| 9696790637 | insoluble | A substance is described as being only slightly soluble. Typically if they have less than 0.01 mol that will dissolve in an entire Liter | 14 | |
| 9696790638 | Chemical Equation | an equation that shows the COMPLETE chemical formulas of the reactants and products |  | 15 |
| 9696790639 | complete ionic equation | an equation written with all strong acids/ bases and soluble substances shown as ions, including all spectator ions and other substances that do not break down into ions. |  | 16 |
| 9696790640 | spectator ions | ions that appear in identical forms among both the reactants and products of a complete ionic equation; do not participate in a chemical reaction | 17 | |
| 9696790641 | net ionic equation | Only species that actually participate in a reaction; all charges and phases must be indicated |  | 18 |
| 9696790642 | acid | substance that ionizes in aqueous solutions to form hydrogen ions, thereby increasing the concentration of H+(aq) ions; often called proton donors | 19 | |
| 9696790643 | monoprotic acids | acids that yield one H+ per molecule of acid ex) HCl, HNO3 | 20 | |
| 9696790644 | diprotic acids | acids that yield two H+ per molecule of acid ex) H2SO4 | 21 | |
| 9696790645 | base | substance that accepts (reacts with) H+ ions and produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when they dissolve in water; there are common ____s that do not contain hydroxide, however, like NH4 | 22 | |
| 9696790646 | strong acids | acids that ionizes 100% in a solution | 23 | |
| 9696790647 | strong bases | bases that ionize 100% in a solution | 24 | |
| 9696790648 | strong acids | HCl, HBr, HI, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4 | 25 | |
| 9696790649 | strong bases | All Group 1 and Group 2 metal hydroxides (LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, etc) | 26 | |
| 9696790650 | weak acids | acids that ionize <5% in a solution, weak electrolytes | 27 | |
| 9696790651 | weak bases | bases that ionize <5% in a solution, weak electrolytes | 28 | |
| 9696790652 | neutralization reaction | the reaction that occurs when an acid and a base are mixed to create water and a salt | 29 | |
| 9696790653 | salt | any ionic compound | 30 | |
| 9696790662 | concentration | the amount of solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent or solution | 31 | |
| 9696790663 | molarity | the concentration of a solution expressed as the number of moles solute in a liter of solution (mol/L) | 32 | |
| 9696790664 | dilution | process in which solutions of lower concentrations can be obtained by ADDING WATER | 33 |