AP Biology: Nervous System Flashcards
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| 9910944960 | neuron | main cell of the nervous system |  | 0 |
| 9910944962 | cell body | contains nucleus of the neuron |  | 1 |
| 9910944963 | dendrite | receive stimuli; highly branched extensions |  | 2 |
| 9910944964 | axon | conduct and propagate impulses |  | 3 |
| 9910944967 | sensory neuron | pick up stimuli from the environment and send to the brain |  | 4 |
| 9910944968 | motor neuron | sends impulses to muscles to create movement |  | 5 |
| 9910944969 | interneuron | neurons in the CNS that communicate internally and connect sensory to motor neurons; are responsible for reflexes |  | 6 |
| 9910944970 | resting potential | membrane potential of a neuron that is not firing, -70 mV |  | 7 |
| 9910944971 | sodium-potassium pump | protein that uses active transport to move 3 Na out of the membrane and 2 K in, which resets the neuron to resting potential | 8 | |
| 9910944972 | action potential | rapid change in the voltage between the membrane of a neuron in response to a stimulus | 9 | |
| 9910944973 | threshold | the voltage needed to open the voltage gated Na channels and start the unstoppable flow of Na into the cell, -55 mV | 10 | |
| 9910944974 | depolarization | the massive influx of Na causes the cell's voltage to become less negative, all the way up to 35 mV | 11 | |
| 9910944975 | repolarization | Na channels close and K channels open, which allows K out of cell so the cell is more negative | 12 | |
| 9910944977 | refractory period | period where the neuron resets using the Na/K pump before a neuron can be fired again | 13 | |
| 9910944978 | synapse | transmission of information is from one neuron to the next |  | 14 |
| 9910944979 | neurotransmitter | molecule that neurons use in synaptic transmission |  | 15 |
| 9910944980 | synaptic vesicle | hold the neurotransmitters in the presynaptic neuron |  | 16 |
| 9910944981 | postsynaptic receptor | receive neurotransmitters and open Na gated ion channels to start another action potential |  | 17 |
| 9910944982 | synaptic cleft | space between the pre and postsynaptic neurons |  | 18 |
| 9910944983 | myelin sheath | insulates the axon and speeds transmission of the impulse | 19 | |
| 9910944989 | ion-gated channels | proteins responsible for allowing sodium or potassium to diffuse into or out of the axon | 20 | |
| 9910944990 | sodium | ion responsible for depolarization | 21 | |
| 9910944991 | potassium | ion responsible for repolarization | 22 | |
| 9910944992 | calcium | ion that signals vesicles to release neurotransmitters | 23 |