AP Biology: Endocrine System Flashcards
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| 9911029329 | Endocrine System | The internal system of communication involving hormones; functions in concert with the nervous system to effect internal regulation and maintain homeostasis. |  | 0 |
| 9911029332 | Epinephrine | a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; mediates "fight or flight" responses to short-term stresses; also released by some neurons as a neurotransmitter; also known as adrenaline. |  | 1 |
| 9911029333 | Pancreas | Regulates the level of sugar in the blood with insulin and glucagon |  | 2 |
| 9911029334 | Negative Feedback | A process in which a system is turned off by the condition it produces |  | 3 |
| 9911029340 | Pituitary Gland | Master gland found at the base of the hypothalamus |  | 4 |
| 9911029346 | Adrenal Gland | either of a pair of complex endocrine glands situated near the kidney; produces steroid hormones and adrenaline |  | 5 |
| 9911029350 | G-protein | A cell surface receptor associated with an intracellular protein that binds and hydrolyzes GTP. When GTP is bound, the protein is active, and can regulate the activity of adenylyl cyclase; this modifies the intracellular levels of second messenger cAMP. When the GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP, the protein becomes inactive again. | 6 | |
| 9911029351 | signal transduction pathway | a series of molecular changes that convert a signal on the target cell's surface to a specific response within the cell; crucial to many cellular functions | 7 | |
| 9911029352 | protein kinase | a general term for enzymes that activate or inactivate other proteins by phosphorylating them | 8 | |
| 9911029353 | autocrine | chemicals that exert their effects on the same cells that secrete them | 9 | |
| 9911029354 | paracrine | cell signaling where target is nearby | 10 | |
| 9911029355 | steroid hormone | Lipids that act as chemical messengers; synthesized from cholesterol | 11 | |
| 9911029356 | peptide hormone | Polar hormones incapable of permeating the cell membrane that bind to surface receptors and act through secondary messengers. | 12 | |
| 9911029357 | gene expression | Conversion of the information encoded in a gene first into messenger RNA and then to a protein; activation or deactivation of genes | 13 | |
| 9911029358 | positive feedback | A form of regulation in which an end product of a process speeds up that process; in physiology, a control mechanism in which a change in a variable triggers a response that reinforces or amplifies the change. | 14 |