AP Euro: The Revolutions Flashcards

9931453962	Reformation	A revolution of religion that occurred in the 1500's. It was inspired by the corrupt nature of the church (through it's ignorance, indulgences, pluralism, etc.). Martin Luther's 95 theses set this movement into motion resulting in in major conflicts, wars, and really, the rest of European History as a whole. Period 1 (1517-1648).	0
9931473478	Scientific Revolution	An intellectual revolution that began following the publication of Copernicus' On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543) that began questioning science and logic. Major advancements in critical thinking, anatomy, medicine, chemistry, and astronomy were made during this period, and it spawned the enlightenment. Period 1.	1
9931497459	Glorious Revolution	A small period of time in which William of Orange became king of England and the country shifted to constitutional rule. This revolution ultimately created peace, as it published the bill of rights (granting religious freedoms, prevented a standing army from being present during peacetime, and evolved the cabinet system). Lives up to it's name. Period 2 (1688-1689)	2
9931509905	Catholic Reformation	Also known as the Counter Reformation, it was a religious revolution that sought to evolve the Catholic Church and rebuild it's popularity. This gave way to the Council of Trent, Holy Office, and Baroque Artwork. While it did have some success, protestantism remained popular and conflicts were inevitable. Period 1 (1545-1648).	3
9931532323	The Fronde	A brief political revolution in France during the rule of Mazarin. It began due to the Robe Nobles disliking his and Cardinal Richelieu's autocratic decision making, resulting in them stirring up the people. Luckily this revolution ended following the induction of Louis XIV, who ruled with a divine right of kings mindset and sought to diminish the power of the nobles. Period 2 (1648-1653)	4
9931552101	French Revolution	A major revolution in France that was caused by the greediness of the french kings Louis XV and XVI and their mistresses Pompadour and Antoinette. This in tandem with the ideals of fraternity, equality, and liberty, began a revolution of epic proportions. France began attempting expansion, terror was used through the committee of public safety, and Napoleon's continental system was the sour result. Period 2 (1789-1815)	5
9931563260	Haitian Revolution	An anti-slavery movement in French's colony of Haiti inspired by the French Revolution that was lead by Toussaint L'Ouverture. It lasted from 1791-1804 (Period 2)	6
9931581361	Diplomatic Revolution	A "reversal" of alliances that occurred in 1756 in which France and Russia were turned against Prussia and Britain had to side with Prussia to maintain a balance of power. Period 2 (1756).	7
9931593730	Agricultural Revolution	A major revolution that involved the shifting of agricultural methods (such as the seed drill and enclosure) that ultimately had major effects on the economy and society of Europe (see chapters 17 and 18). Period 2 (Mid 17th to late 19th)	8
9931606984	First Industrial Revolution	A major technological revolution that saw hundreds of revolutionary machines, like the steam engine and water frame, that revolutionized work and society. It had origins in Britain, but soon spread to other places across the world. Period 3 (Late 18th to mid 19th)	9
9931630183	Second Industrial Revolution	The burst of industrial creativity and technological innovation that promoted strong economic growth in the last third of the nineteenth century. This resulted in science and the enlightenment gaining mass prestige by the people. Period 3 (late 19th to early 20th).	10
9931642323	Greek Revolution	A revolution carried out in Greece in 1821 as a result of the survival of Greek culture and the desire for independence from Ottoman control. Russia and Britain supported the cause, and following several successful naval battles, it was declared independent in 1830. Period 3 (1821-1830)	11
9931652783	Corn Laws	A revolution was carried out against these laws in Britain before 1848. This was due to how they benefitted the aristocracy at the expense of the working people. The Anti-Corn Law League was formed in response and famine spread through England. This ultimately lead to the act's repealing in 1846. Period 3 (1815-1846)	12
9931683676	Revolutions of 1848	Several infamous revolutions that all occurred in the same year with the same result: they failed. Here they are: -France: Began with Philippe's abdication. Louis Blanc suggested his government workshops idea, but a lack of support lead to him getting fired. This left the working class without a representative, leading them storming the constituent assembly and a class war -Austria: Revolts broke out in Hungary which began the revolution, but the revolutionaries lacked stability. This allowed Sophia to crush the revolution easily -Germany: Rather peaceful, as it involved small revolts that lead to William IV's promise of a constitution. Plans for a national parliament and Greater Germany were had. However Frederick William's refusal of the crown and the balking of Austria lead to the dissolving of parliament and the continuation of the Karlsbad decrees.	13
9931860813	Revolution of 1905	A revolution in Russia that was caused by dislike of the tzarist government that ultimately resulted in Nic II promising a Durma. This included Bloody Sunday and October Manifesto. Period 3 (1905)	14
9937708051	Bolshevik Revolution	A revolution that occurred in Russia during WWI that was put into motion by Lenin and his cronies Trotsky and Stalin. This revolution resulted in the overthrowing of the tsar and his wife and the establishment of a new government.	15