AP Physics Flashcards
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| 7429110859 | s | Speed, scaler | 0 | |
| 7429110860 | v | Velocity, vector | 1 | |
| 7429110861 | t | Time, scaler | 2 | |
| 7429110862 | m | Mass, Scaler | 3 | |
| 7429110863 | a | acceleration, vector | 4 | |
| 7429110864 | d | distance, scaler | 5 | |
| 7429110865 | Δx, Δy, Δp | displacement, vector | 6 | |
| 7429110866 | scaler | The variable has no direction (direction doesn't matter) | 7 | |
| 7429110867 | vector | The variable has direction and magnitude (direction matters) | 8 | |
| 7429110868 | Speed formula | s = total distance/total time | 9 | |
| 7429110869 | Velocity Formula | v = displacement/time | 10 | |
| 7429110870 | Kinematic Equation 1 | finalV = initialV + at | 11 | |
| 7429110871 | Kinematic Equation 2 | finalX = initialX + initialVt + 0.5atsquared | 12 | |
| 7429110872 | Kinematic Equation 3 | finalVsquared = initialVsquared +2a(finalX - initialX) | 13 | |
| 7429110873 | Acceleration of Gravity | 9.81 m/s | 14 | |
| 7429110874 | The slope of a position vs. time graph is | The velocity on a velocity vs. time graph | 15 | |
| 7429110875 | The slope of a velocity vs. time graph is | The acceleration on an acceleration vs. time graph | 16 | |
| 7429110876 | Newton's 1st Law | An object stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. (The law of Inertia) | 17 | |
| 7429110877 | Inertia | The property that an object doesn't want to move if not in motion and an object in motion doesn't want to stop | 18 | |
| 7429110878 | Centripetal Force | A force going towards the center | 19 | |
| 7429110879 | Translational motion | Moving horizontally | 20 | |
| 7429110880 | Newton's 2nd Law | F = ma (the larger the m, the smaller the a) (the smaller the m, the larger the a) | 21 | |
| 7429110881 | Newton's 3rd Law | Every action has an equal (applies direction) and opposite (applies magnitude) reaction. | 22 | |
| 7429110882 | 1N (Newton) = | 1kgm/s squared (kilogram meter per second squared) | 23 | |
| 7429110883 | Incline Plane: F = ma = | Wsinθ | 24 | |
| 7429110884 | force of friction (f) = | μN(normal force) | 25 | |
| 7429110885 | W(work) = | F · Δx | 26 | |
| 7429110886 | To do work is | to give/take energy (give is positive work) (take is negative work) | 27 | |
| 7429110887 | Dot Product | a · b = |a| × |b| × cosθ | 28 | |
| 7429110888 | 1J(joule) = | 1Nm (Newton meter) | 29 | |
| 7429110889 | Power (P) | how much or rate at which work is done over time | 30 | |
| 7429110890 | P = | W/t | 31 | |
| 7429110891 | Watts (W) = | J(joule)/s (unit of power) | 32 | |
| 7429110892 | KE (kinetic energy) = | 0.5mv squared | 33 | |
| 7429110893 | Ugrav (potential energy) = | mgh (mass x gravity x height) | 34 | |
| 7429110894 | Law of Conservation of Energy | Energy can neither be created nor destroyed | 35 | |
| 7429110895 | 1hp (horse power) = | 746 W (watts) | 36 | |
| 7429110896 | Fc (centripetal Force) = | mv squared/r = (m4πsquaredr)/ Tsquared (period squared) | 37 | |
| 7429110897 | ac (centripetal acceleration) = | vsquared/r = 4πsquaredr/Tsquared(period squared) | 38 | |
| 7429110898 | Fg (Force of Gravity) = | Gm1m2/rsquared | 39 | |
| 7429110899 | G | 6.67E-11 | 40 | |
| 7429110900 | p(momentum) = | mv | 41 | |
| 7429110901 | Law of conservation of momentum | total p initial = total p final | 42 | |
| 7429110902 | When 2 or more objects are moving use | Momentum | 43 | |
| 7429110903 | When only 1 object is moving use | Energies | 44 | |
| 7429110904 | Impulse | J = Δp = FΔt | 45 | |
| 7429110905 | Change in momentum | Impulse | 46 | |
| 7429110906 | Elastic Collision | Happens when KE is conserved (no energy is lost) | 47 | |
| 7429110907 | In-elastic Collision | Happens when KE is not conserved (energy is lost) | 48 | |
| 7429110908 | Perfectly In-elastic Collision | 2 objects collide and become 1 object (the objects stick together) | 49 | |
| 7429110909 | In momentum: V1final = | V1initial(m1 - m2/m1 + m2) | 50 | |
| 7429110910 | In momentum: V1initial - V2initial = | -(V2final - V1final) | 51 | |
| 7429110911 | L (rotational momentum) = | Iω (kgmsquared/sec) | 52 | |
| 7429110912 | Rotational Displacement | θ (radians) | 53 | |
| 7429110913 | ω (velocity) = | θ/t (rad/sec) | 54 | |
| 7429110914 | α (rotational acceleration) = | Δω/t (rad/secsquared) | 55 | |
| 7429110915 | Rotational Inertia | I(kgmsquared) | 56 | |
| 7429110916 | τ (torque) = | Iα (Nm) | 57 | |
| 7429110917 | KE rotational = | 0.5Iωsquared (J) | 58 | |
| 7429110918 | W rotational = | τΔθ (J) | 59 | |
| 7429110919 | Displacement Conversion | Δx = θr | 60 | |
| 7429110920 | Velocity Conversion | v = ωr | 61 | |
| 7429110921 | Acceleration Conversion | a = αr | 62 | |
| 7429110922 | Force Conversion | τ = Frsinθ | 63 | |
| 7429110923 | Rotational Kinematic Equation 1 | ωfinal = ωinitial + αt | 64 | |
| 7429110924 | Rotational Kinematic Equation 2 | θfinal = θinitial + ωinitialt + 0.5αtsquared | 65 | |
| 7429110925 | Rotational Kinematic Equation 3 | ωfinalsquared = ωinitialsquared + 2αΔθ | 66 | |
| 7429110926 | The closer the mass is to the rotational axis | the smaller the inertia and the faster the object moves | 67 | |
| 7429110927 | Momentum must be conserved | numerically and in direction | 68 | |
| 7429110928 | Closed Reflection | The wave bounces back on the opposite side | 69 | |
| 7429110929 | Open Reflection | The wave bounces back on the same side | 70 | |
| 7429110930 | Wave | A transfer of energy through material | 71 | |
| 7429110931 | Transverse Wave | The material moves perpendicular to the direction of the wave |  | 72 |
| 7429110932 | Longitudinal Wave | The medium moves parallel to the motion of the wave |  | 73 |
| 7429110933 | Wave Amplitude | Height of wave from the midline | 74 | |
| 7429110934 | Wave Crest | The top of a wave | 75 | |
| 7429110935 | Wave Trough | The bottom of a wave | 76 | |
| 7429110936 | Wave Length (λ) | The distance of one crest or trough to another | 77 | |
| 7429110937 | Period (T) | The time it takes for one wave to pass through a certain point | 78 | |
| 7429110938 | Frequency (f) | How many waves pass a point per second (Ht) | 79 | |
| 7429110939 | Period and Frequency are | Inverses | 80 | |
| 7429110940 | Visible Light Range | 300 nm to 700 nm | 81 | |
| 7429110941 | Range of Hearing | 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz | 82 | |
| 7429110942 | fbeats = | f1 - f2 | 83 | |
| 7429110943 | V (of a wave) = | λf | 84 | |
| 7429110944 | Vsound = | 331 + 0.6(Temperature in degrees C) | 85 | |
| 7429110945 | Intensity = | W/4πrsquared | 86 | |
| 7429110946 | As radius increases | the intensity gets smaller because the sound spreads out more | 87 | |
| 7429110947 | Threshold of Intensity | 1E-12 w/msquared (I0) | 88 | |
| 7429110948 | Threshold of Pain | 1 w/msquared | 89 | |
| 7429110949 | The sound intensity level (based off of human ears) | Decibel System β = 10log(I/I0) | 90 | |
| 7429110950 | Decibel changes by | Addition (10+10+10) | 91 | |
| 7429110951 | Intensity changes by | Multiplication (10 x 10 x 10) | 92 | |
| 7429110952 | When 10 decibels are added the intensity | increases by a factor of 10 | 93 | |
| 7429110953 | When comparing intensities the louder intensity goes | on the top of the equation | 94 | |
| 7429110954 | The observed wave has a change/shift in frequency because of the relative speed between the source and the observer | The Doppler Effect | 95 | |
| 7429110955 | When objects move towards each other λ , f , and the light is . | λ decreases, f increases, blueshift | 96 | |
| 7429110956 | When objects move away from each other λ , f , and the light is . | λ increases, f decreases, redshift | 97 | |
| 7429110957 | fo = | fs (v±vo/v±vs) (o - observer, s - source) | 98 | |
| 7429110958 | A spot of no motion | Node | 99 | |
| 7429110959 | A spot with the most motion | Anti-node | 100 | |
| 7429110960 | The natural frequency of something | Residence | 101 | |
| 7429110961 | Residence of string instruments | Chordophones | 102 | |
| 7429110962 | Chordophones have nodes on | each end | 103 | |
| 7429110963 | Chordophone: L = | nλ/2 | 104 | |
| 7429110964 | Chordophone: λ = | 2L/2 | 105 | |
| 7429110965 | Chordophone: fn = | nV/2L | 106 | |
| 7429110966 | Resonance of wind instruments | Aerophones | 107 | |
| 7429110967 | An aerophone with anti-nodes on each end | Open Pipes | 108 | |
| 7429110968 | An aerophone with an anti-node on one end | Closed Pipe | 109 | |
| 7429110969 | Open Pipe: L = | nλ/2 | 110 | |
| 7429110970 | Open Pipe: fn = | nV/2L | 111 | |
| 7429110971 | Closed Pipe: L = | (2n-1)λ/4 | 112 | |
| 7429110972 | Closed Pipe: fn = | (2n - 1)V/4L | 113 | |
| 7429110973 | Coulomb | One unit of electric charge (C) | 114 | |
| 7429110974 | e = | 1.602E-19 C | 115 | |
| 7429110975 | Coulomb's Law | kq1q2/rsquared | 116 | |
| 7429110976 | Coulomb's Constant (k) | 9E9 Nmsquared/Csquared | 117 | |
| 7429110977 | The push that makes electrons flow | Voltage (V) | 118 | |
| 7429110978 | R (resistance) = | pL/A (resistivity x length / area) | 119 | |
| 7429110979 | The flow rate or flow of the charge | Current(amp) I | 120 | |
| 7429110980 | 1 A = | 1 C/s | 121 | |
| 7429110981 | How easy or difficult it is for the current to flow through something | Resistance (Ω) | 122 | |
| 7429110982 | ohm's Law | V = IR | 123 | |
| 7429110983 | Series Circuit | As # of resistors increases, the V experienced by each decreases |  | 124 |
| 7429110984 | Parallel Circuit | A circuit with many parts |  | 125 |
| 7429110985 | I is constant in a | Series Circuit | 126 | |
| 7429110986 | V is constant in a | Parallel Circuit | 127 | |
| 7429110987 | Series: Rtotal = | R1 + R2 + R3 | 128 | |
| 7429110988 | Series: ItotalRtotal = | I1R1 + I2R2 | 129 | |
| 7429110989 | Series: Vtotal = | V1 + V2 | 130 | |
| 7429110990 | Parallel: 1/Rtotal = | 1/R1 + 1/R2 | 131 | |
| 7429110991 | Parallel: Itotal = | I1 + I2 | 132 | |
| 7429110992 | Parallel: Vtotal/Rtotal = | V1/R1 +V2/R2 | 133 | |
| 7429110993 | Period of Pendulum: T = | 2π√ L/g | 134 | |
| 7429110994 | Potential Energy of a Spring: Uelas = | 0.5kxsquared | 135 | |
| 7429110995 | Mechanical Energy is | Potential energy and kinetic energy | 136 |