AP Argumentation Flashcards

9014775772	Argument from ignorance:	The assumption of a conclusion or fact based primarily on lack of evidence to the contrary. Usually best described by, "absence of evidence is not evidence of absence." (X is true because you cannot prove that X is false.)	0
9014783449	Slippery Slope	Slippery Slope (also known as absurd extrapolation): When a relatively insignificant first event is suggested to lead to a more significant event, which in turn leads to a more significant event, and so on, until some ultimate, significant event is reached, where the connection of each event is not only unwarranted, but with each step it becomes more and more improbable. Many events are usually present in this fallacy, but only two are actually required -- usually connected by "the next thing you know..." (If A, then B, then C, ... then ultimately Z!)	1
9014795022	Bandwagon	asserts it is right because everyone does it	2
9014795023	Oversimplification:	To simplify to the point of error, distortion, or misrepresentation.	3
9014820370	Begging the question:	When you state as fact what needs to be proved	4
9014824101	Argument from analogy (false analogy)	when one uses an analogy to prove	5
9014827155	Ad Hominem	attacking the person rather than supporting the argument	6
9014831361	Hasty Generalization	reaching a conclusion too quickly or based on too little facts	7
9014831362	False Dilemma (Either/or Fallacy)	when one states there are only two opposite choices, and allow for no other answers or no middle ground	8
9014835428	Equivocation	occurs when a key term or phrase in an argument is used in an ambiguous way, with one meaning in one portion of the argument and then another meaning in another portion of the argument.	9
9014835429	Red Herring	when an irrelevant topic introduced in an argument to divert the attention of listeners or readers from the original issue.	10
9014844403	You Also	Claiming the argument is flawed by pointing out that the one making the argument is not acting consistently with the claims of the argument.	11
9014850217	Appeal to Doubtful Authority/False Authority	Using a ource as evidence in your argument when the source does not have ethos or credibility to support/verify the facts relevant to the argument.	12
9014852447	Misleading Statistics	a term that refers to the incorrect usage of numerical data, either intentionally or due to error, that results in misleading information.	13
9014855377	Post Hoc	Faulty cause and effect; believing because B happened after A that A caused B	14
9014855378	Non-sequitar	a conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement.	15