ap Flashcards

ap psych psych vocab

8234974428	learning	a relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience	0
8234974429	Law of Physics	for every force, or action there is an equal and opposite force, or reaction	1
8234974430	respondant behavior	behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus	2
8234974431	operant behavior	behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences	3
8234974432	operant chamber	a chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer	4
8234974433	Habituation	An organism's decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it	5
8234974434	associative learning	learning that certain events occur together	6
8234974435	Reinforcement	An event following a response that strengthens the tendency to make that response.	7
8234974436	cognitive map	a mental representation of the layout of one's environment	8
8234974437	latent learning	learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it	9
8234974438	Shaping	Learning that results from the reinforcement of successive steps to a final desired behavior	10
8234974439	Stimulus	A change in an organism's surroundings that causes the organism to react	11
8234974440	cognitive learning	storing and recalling of new knowledge in the brain	12
8234974441	discriminitive stimulus	a specific stimulus in the presence of which a particular response	13
8234974442	insight	a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem	14
8234974443	intrinsic motivation	a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake	15
8234974444	positive reinforcement	increasing behaviors by presenting positive reinforcers	16
8234974445	classical conditioning	a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events	17
8234974446	Behaviorism	an approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior	18
8234974447	negative reinforcement	increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli	19
8234974448	extrinsic motivation	a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment	20
8234974449	Coping	alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods	21
8234974450	primary reinforcer	an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need	22
8234974451	neutral stimulus (NS)	in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning	23
8234974452	unconditioned response	in conditioning the behavior elicited by the unconditioned stimulus	24
8234974453	reinforcement schedule	a pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced	25
8234974454	emotion-focused coping	a type of coping in which people try to prevent having an emotional response to a stressor	26
8234974455	problem focused coping	a type of coping in which people take direct steps to confront or minimize a stressor	27
8234974456	learned helplessness	lack of motivation to avoid unpleasant stimuli after one has failed before to escape similar stimuli	28
8234974457	external locus of control	the perception that chance or outside forces beyond one's personal control determine one's fate	29
8234974458	internal locus of control	the perception that you control your own fate	30
8234974459	self control	the ability to control impulses and delay short term gratification for greater long term rewards	31
8234974460	observational learning	learning by observing others	32
8234974461	Modeling	the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior	33
8234974462	mirror neurons	frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so	34
8234974463	prosocial behavior	positive, constructive, helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior	35
8234974464	Biofeedback	The process of learning to control bodily states by monitoring the states to be controlled	36
8234974465	punishment	an event that decreases the behavior that it follows	37
8234974466	variable interval schedule	a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals	38
8234974467	fixed interval schedule	a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed	39
8234974468	variable ratio schedule	a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses	40
8234974469	fixed ratio schedule	pattern in which we provide reinforcement following a regular number of responses	41
8234974470	partial reinforcement	reinforcing a response only part of the time	42
8234974471	continuous reinforcement	reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs	43
8234974472	operant conditioning	Learning based on the consequences of responding.	44
8234974473	Discrimination	Behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward the members of a group.	45
8234974474	gerneralization	the tendency to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics	46
8234974475	spontaneous recovery	the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response	47
8234974476	Extinction	A term that typically describes a species that no longer has any known living individuals.	48
8234974477	higher order conditioning	learning in which stimuli associated with a conditioned stimulus also elicit conditioned responses	49
8234974478	acquisition	an ability that has been acquired by training	50
8234974479	conditioned stimulus	a stimulus that elicits a response only after learning has taken place	51
8234974480	conditioned response	in classical conditioning, the response elicited by the conditioned stimulus	52
8234974481	unconditioned stimulus	A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning	53