AP Flashcards
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| 8331276988 | Eating disorder diag categories | Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Binge eating disorder | 0 | |
| 8331290094 | DSM-5 change | Binge eating disorder added Eating disorder part of "Feeding and Eating Disorders" | 1 | |
| 8331313451 | Diag cri: anorexia nervosa | restriction of food = very low body weight (BMI <18.5 for adults) Intense fear of weight gain or repeated behavior to interfere with weight gain Body image disturbance = feel fat even when emaciated | 2 | |
| 8331331108 | Subtypes of anorexia nervosa | restricting = weight loss by severely limiting food binge-eating / purging = regularly for last 3 months longitudinal research suggests questionable validity of subtypes | 3 | |
| 8331356047 | Subscales from eating disorders inventory | drive for thinness bulimia body dissatisfaction ineffectiveness perfectionism interpersonal distrust interoceptive awareness maturity fears | 4 | |
| 8331394210 | anorexia comorbidity | depression OCD phobias panic alcoholism PDs - men comorbid with substance dependence, mood disorders, or schizo | 5 | |
| 8331971847 | Physical changes in anorexia | -low blood pressure, heart rate decrease - kidney/gastrointestinal problems - loss of bone mass - lanugo (soft, downy body hair) - depletion potassium & sodium | 6 | |
| 8331997510 | Prognosis for anorexia | - 50~70% recover - relapse common - 10x death rates than general, 2x death rates than other PDs | 7 | |
| 8332020309 | Diag crit: bulimia nervosa & DSM-5 crit | uncontrollable eating binges FOLLOWED by compensatory behavior DSM-5 - recurrent binge-eating (under 2 hours, loss of control) - recurrent compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain | 8 | |
| 8332055963 | Bulimia severity (per week) | mild = 1-3 compensatory behaviors moderate = 4-7 severe = 8-13 extreme = 14< | 9 | |
| 8332084424 | bulimia eating binges | triggered by stress or negative emotions or negative social interactions typically in secret shame & remorse often follow | 10 | |
| 8332421088 | Bulimia vs. anorexia, binge-eating-purging type | extreme weight loss in anorexia at/above normal weight in bulimia (physically normal) | 11 | |
| 8332437719 | bulimia comorbidity | depression, PD, anxiety, substance abuse, conduct disorder normal BMI | 12 | |
| 8332445743 | physical changes in bulimia | menstrual irregularities (amenorrhea) laxative use depletes electrolytes loss of dental enamel from stomach acids | 13 | |
| 8332472046 | prognosis bulimia | ~75% recover 10~20% remain fully symptomatic Poorer prognosis when DEPRESSION & SUBSTANCE ABUSE are comorbid or when more sever symptomatology | 14 | |
| 8332505550 | Diag crit: binge eating disorder | DSM-5 crit - recurrent binge eating - binge eating include 3 of following (eat rapid, uncomfortably full, large amount when not hungry, eat alone, feel disgusted) - NO COMPENSATORY BEHAVIOR | 15 | |
| 8332890592 | Severity rating - binge eating disorder | mild = 1-3 moderate = 4-7 severe = 8-13 extreme = 14< | 16 | |
| 8332958973 | binge eating disorder vs. anorexia & bulimia | Absence of weight loss Absence of compensatory behaviors | 17 | |
| 8333102794 | BED associated with | obesity & history of dieting (BMI>30) | 18 | |
| 8333127934 | Physical changes in BED | problems associated with obesity - type 2 diabetes - others independent of obesity - sleep - anxiety - irritable bowel - early menstruation | 19 | |
| 8333140998 | prognosis of BED | about 60% recover most common & lasts the longest (avg 14.4 yrs) | 20 | |
| 8333146291 | etiology of eating disorders: genetics | family and twin studies support genetic body dissatisfaction, desire for thinness environmental factors greater role | 21 | |
| 8333161162 | etio of ED: neurobiological | hypothalamus NOT directly involved low levels of endogenous opioids - that reduce pain, enhance mood, suppress appetite - release during starvation (may reinforce restricted eating) - excessive exercise increases opioids - low lvl in bulimia - serotonin = satiety (low lvl in anorexic and bulimic) = increase serotonin often effective - dopamin (anorexic viewing pics of underweight) | 22 | |
| 8333208978 | etio of ED: cognitive behavioral anorexia | - focus on dissatisfaction/fear of fatness - certain behavs negatively reinforcing - feeling of self-control by weight-loss = + reinforcing - criticism from family & peers | 23 | |
| 8333349595 | etio of ED: cog behavioral bulimia | - self worth = weight - rigid restrictive eating = lapses = binges (offlimit foods) - after binge, disgust and fear = compensatory behav - purging temporarily reduce anxiety about weight gain - restrained eating = central role (dieting & overeating) | 24 | |
| 8333404225 | schematic of cog behav theory of bulimia | low self-esteem and high - affect = dieting to feel better = food intake restricted too severely = diet is broken = binge = compensatory behaviors to reduce fears of weight gain | 25 | |
| 8333429190 | etio of ED: gender | objectification of women's bodies - self-objectification aging & changes in life roles -> decreased ED symptoms | 26 | |
| 8333457411 | etio of ED: ethnic | body dissatisfaction & symptoms of bulimia = strongly correlated w/ high acculturation stress | 27 | |
| 8333919300 | etio of ED: other | eating behav (semi-starvation) personality charateristics (perfectionism) family characteristics (self report high lvl of family conflict) | 28 | |
| 8334331136 | etio of ED: child abuse | self reports of childhood abuse (not specific to ED) too general of varliable | 29 | |
| 8334344044 | Treatment of ED 1 | antidepressants (for bulimia but NOT anorexia) - limited research says antidepressant not effective in reducing binges or increasing weight loss in BED | 30 | |
| 8334358502 | Treatment of ED 2 | anorexia - immediate goal to gain weight CBT - reductions in symptoms through 1 year family-based therapy effective - anorexia as interpersonal - family lunch sessions | 31 | |
| 8334376179 | Treatment of ED bulimia | challenge! - ideal of thinness - belief of weight and dieting - all-or-nothing beliefs about food - self-assertiveness to improve interpersonal relatedness - CBT more effective than med -add exposure and ritual prevention (ERP) = short term effectiveness | 32 | |
| 8334401275 | Treatment of ED: BED | CBT - interpersonal therapy (IPT) equally effective - weight-loss programs promote weight loss but not curb binge eating | 33 | |
| 8334415623 | Prevention of ED | psychoeducation deemphasize sociocultural influences risk-factor approach | 34 | |
| 8344976824 | DSM-5 sexual dysfunctions | sexual desire, interest, arousal sexual pain orgasmic disorder | 35 | |
| 8345013775 | gender & sexuality | men = think more about sex, more dysfunction as they age women = sex desire often linked to relationship status & social norms women more likely than men to report sexual dysfunction | 36 | |
| 8345022738 | sexual response cycle | 1. desire phase 2. excitement phase 3. organsm phase 4. resolution phase | 37 | |
| 8345027475 | DSM-5 3 categories of sexual dysfunction | 1. sexual desire, arousal, interest disorders - women : sexual interest/arousal disorder - men : hyposexual & erectile disorder 2. orgasmic disorder - women : female orgasmic disorder - men : premature / delayed ejaculation 3. sexual pain disorder - women : genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder | 38 | |
| 8345202101 | disorders involving sexual interest, desire, arousal | women = persisten deficits in sexual interest (fantasies or urges), biological / subjective arousal men = hypoactive SDD (deficient or absent sexual fantasies/urges) erectile disorder | 39 | |
| 8345214796 | DSM-5 crit for SI/AD in women | diminished/absent frequency of sexual interest/arousal/excitement causes marked distress/interpersonal problems not medical illness, or effect of drug | 40 | |
| 8345230056 | DSM-5 crit for male disorders | hypoactive = similar to female (absent/diminshed desire, marked distress, not medical) erectile disorder (on at least 75% of sexual occasions) - inability to attain, maintain, marked decrease of erection, NOT medical | 41 | |
| 8345246065 | other DSM-5 orgasmic disorders | female organsmic disorder male delayed/premature ejaculation | 42 | |
| 8345250980 | sexual pain disorders | genitopelvic pain/penetration disorder - pain during intercourse - men & women (rare in men) - medical, lack of vaginal lubrication, or menopausal problems - manual/oral stimulation okay - 10~30% prevalence DSM-4 = vaginismus and dyspareunia | 43 | |
| 8345268267 | etio of sexual dysfunction | masters & johnson two-tier model 1. immediate causes - performance fears - adoption of spectator role - observer vs. participant 2. distal (historical) causes - sociocultural - biological - sexual traumas - homosexual inclination | 44 | |
| 8345281049 | examples of distal causes and immediate result | guilt from religious/cultural influences rape/sexual abuse homosexual lack of knowledge excessive alcohol physiological prob sociocultural = spectator role & performance fears | 45 | |
| 8345293217 | predictors of sexual functioning | psychological factors physical factors social & sexual history factors | 46 | |
| 8345301746 | etio of SD: biological | DSM-5 separation for sexual dysfunctions caused by medical illnesses oi' (controversial) - diseases of vascular, nervous system - low level testosterone/estrogen - heavy alcohol - history of chronic alcoholism - heavy smoking - meds (antihypertensives, SSRI | 47 | |
| 8345323353 | etio of SD: psychosocial | rape childhood sexual abuse relationship probs (anger, hostility, poor communication / relationship security) Psycho disorders (depression, anxiety, PD) Low physiological arousal stress/exhaustion - cognitions | 48 | |
| 8345454547 | treatment of SD | anxiety reduction directed masturbation procedures to change thoughts/attitudes meds = PDE-5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction (phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors = sildenafil (viagra), tadafil (cialis), vardenafil (levitra)) STV | 49 | |
| 8345461440 | Paraphilias | sexual attraction to unusual objects / sexual activities - 6 months - only diag when done with nonconsenting persons categories: inanimate objects or children | 50 | |
| 8345467904 | paraphilias in DSM-5 | fetishistic transvestic pedohebephilic voyeuristic exhibitionistic frotteuristic sexual sadism/masochism | 51 | |
| 8345472920 | fetishistic disorder | diag crit - for at least 6 months, arousal to nonliving objects or nongenital body parts - attraction irresistible & involuntary - often co-occur with other paraphilias | 52 | |
| 8345482907 | pedohebephilic disorder | contact with prepubertal / pubescen[t child - offender at least 16 yrs old & 5 yrs older than victim victims = neighbors, family, friends, clergy | 53 | |
| 8345489988 | incest | subtype of pedohebephilic - most common = brother/sister - less common, more pathological = father/daughter | 54 | |
| 8345493338 | voyeuristic disorder | arousal while observing other who are unclothed/engaged in sexual activity - almost always men - excitement from unawareness (element of risk important) - seldom results in physical contact (orgasm = masturbation) - victims unaware | 55 | |
| 8345499646 | diag crit = voyeuristic | at least 6 months, arousal from observation of unsuspecting others who are naked, disrobing, engaged in sexual activity - acted on these urges with nonconsenting person | 56 | |
| 8345503776 | exhibitionistic disorder | intense desire to obtain sexual gratification through exposing of genitals to unwilling strangers - victim can be children, seldom physical contact - desire to shock/alarm victim often comorbid with voyeuristic / frotteuristic | 57 | |
| 8345517399 | diag crit = exhibitionistic disorder | at least 6 months, showing one's genital to unsuspecting person - nonconsenting person | 58 | |
| 8345519783 | frotteuristic disorder | sexually touching of nonconsenting person - genital against women's body, fondle breast/genitals - often in crowded subway, public place | 59 | |
| 8345528776 | sexual sadism/masochism disorders | sadism - sexual gratification by inflicting pain/psychological suffering on another person masochism - sexual gratification by receiving pain/humiliation - asphyxiophilia (by oxygen deprivation) debate over inclusion in DSM-5 | 60 | |
| 8345538297 | etio of paraphilias | male hormones/androgens - no unusual lvls of testosterone classical = no support for orgasm conditioning hypothesis operant = poor social skills or reinforcement of unconventionality cog distortions = child doesn't run away, she must want me to fondle her | 61 | |
| 8345547497 | treatment of paraphilias | incarceration & court-ordered treatment common difficult to interpret outcome from treatment studies - vary greatly - lack control groups - dropout rates high | 62 | |
| 8345570993 | treatment of paraphilias | enhance motivation - denial & minimization of problem often present - some blame victim - lack of motivation & dropout cog behavioral treatment - aversion therapy - covert sensitization - counter distorted thinking - often combined with social skills & empathy training biological - castration in the past - meds (hormonal agents to reduce androgens = depo-provera & SSRI) | 63 |