AP Flashcards

8105937950	Dye's Policymaking Process	Problem Identification Agenda Setting Policy Formulation Policy Legitimization Policy Implementation Policy Evaluation	0
8105953213	Problem Identification	Publicizing societal problems and demands fro government action	1
8105956979	Agenda Setting	Deciding what issues will be addressed	2
8105959125	Policy Formulation	Developing policy proposals to resolve issues	3
8105962909	Policy Legitimization	Getting support and enacting it into law	4
8105965523	Policy Implementation	Organizing departments and agencies	5
8105967513	Policy Evaluation	Report outputs and evaluate impacts	6
8105978171	Political Elite Public Opinion The Media	Who are the most critical actors in the policymaking process, according to Dye?	7
8105984780	Political Elite	People, institutions, and interest groups "on top" are used as mouthpieces and have money to influence the media and policy	8
8105990067	Public Opinion	Representative of the views of the American people. Citizens view on politics and government action	9
8105998406	Latent Opinion	Opinions formed on the spot when it is needed	10
8106014177	RAS Model	Receive Accept Survey. Attempts to explain systematic and random change of opinion	11
8106023574	Thermostatic Model		12
8106045165	Filtering	The influence on public opinion that results from journalist's and editor's decisions about which of many potential news stories to report	13
8106065377	Priming	The influence on the public's general impressions caused by positive or negative coverage of a candidate or issue	14
8106070273	Slant	The imbalance in a story that covers one candidate or policy favorably without providing similar coverage to the other side	15
8106096115	Framing	The influence on public opinion caused by the way a story is presented or covered, including the details explanation, and context offered in the report	16
8106102702	Credence Good	Goods whose quality is difficult to assess before or after purchase and use	17
8106121083	Interest Groups	An organization that seeks to influence government policy by helping to elect candidates who support their policy goals and by lobbying elected officials and bureaucrats	18
8106126123	Lobbying	Efforts to influence public policy through contact with public officials on behalf of an interest group	19
8106133228	Collective Action Problem	A situation in which members of a group would benefit from working together to produce some outcome, but each individual is better off refusing to cooperate and reaping the benefits from those who do the work	20
8106139174	Selective Incentives	Benefits that can motivate participation in a group effort because they are available only to those who participate such as member services offered by interest groups	21
8106149551	Inside Strategy	The tactics employed in D.C. by interest groups seeking to achieve their goals	22
8106220346	Outside Strategy	The tactics employed outside D.C. to achieve policy goals	23
8106223199	Scope of Conflict		24
8106225107	Iron Triangle		25
8106225108	Median Voter		26
8106226894	Hard Money	Donations used to elect or defeat a specific candidate	27
8106231095	Soft Money	Donations used for voter mobilization or to promote policy proposals as long as these efforts are not tied to support of defeating a particular candidate	28
8106236255	Primary	A ballot vote in which citizens select a party's nominee for general election	29
8106246730	Caucus	A local meeting in which party members select a party's nominee for general election	30
8106250907	Electoral College	The body that votes for the President based on popular vote in each state	31
8106257762	Swing State	A US state in which two major political parties have similar levels of support, resulting in the state being viewed as important for presidential elections	32
8106268185	Retrospective Evaluation	Evaluating a policy after its implementation	33
8112360722	Party Organization	Involves the structure of the national, state, and local parties, including poarty leaders and workers	34
8112371919	Party in Government	Made up of the politicians who were elected as canidates of the party	35
8112386061	Party in the Electorate	Includes all citizens who identify with the party	36
8112404188	Unified Government	A situation in which one major party holds the majority in Congress, Senate, and Presidency	37
8112417310	Divided Government	A situation in which at least Congress, Senate, or Presidency is dominated by a party different than the other branches	38
8112432686	Duverger's Law	The principle that in democracy with single-member districts and plurality voting, only two parties canidates will have a realistic chance of winning political office	39
8112497850	Party Realignment	A change in the size of composition of the party coalition or in the nature of the issues that divided the parties	40
8112510540	Party Brands		41
8112750901	Election Cycle		42
8112754328	GOTV		43
8112756761	Paradox of Voting	The question of why citizens vote even though their individual votes stand little chance of changing the election outcome	44
8112764839	Issue Voter	Someone who casts their vote in elections based on political issues	45
8112771942	Voting Cues	Pieces of information about a candidate that are readily available, easy to interpret, and lead to a citizen to decide to vote for a particular candidate	46