Ap Flashcards

Vocabulary

8657116652	Boundary	An invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory	0
8657116653	Frontier	Is a zone where no state exercises complete political control	1
8657116654	Physical boundaries	Concise with significant features of the natural landscape	2
8657116655	Cultural boundaries	Follow the distribution of cultural characteristics	3
8657116656	Compact state	Is when the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly	4
8657116657	Elongated states	Have a long and narrow shape. Ex/ Malawi, Gambia, and Chile	5
8657116658	Prorupted state	Is a compact state with a large projecting extension	6
8657116659	Perforated state	Is a state that completely surrounds another one. Ex/ South Africa completely surrounds the state of Lesotho	7
8657116660	Fragmented state	Includes several discontinuous pieces of territory	8
8657116661	Landlocked state	Lacks a direct outlet to a sea because it is completely surrounded by several/one country/countries. Most common in Africa	9
8657116662	Democracy	Is a country in which citizens elect leaders and can run for office	10
8657116663	Autocracy	Is a country that is run according to the interests of the ruler rather than the people	11
8657116664	Anocracy	Is a country that is not fully democratic or fully autocratic, but rather displays a mix of the two types	12
8657116665	Unitary state	Places most power in the hands of central government officials	13
8657116666	Federal state	Allocates strong power to units of local government within the country	14
8657116667	Gerrymandering	Is the process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power	15
8657116668	Balance of power	Is a condition of roughly equal strength between opposing alliances	16
8657116669	Terrorism	Is the systematic use of violence by a group in order to intimidate a population or coerce a government into granting its demands	17
8657116670	Territoriality	Is a willingness by one person or a group of people to defend space they claim	18
8657116671	Geopolitics	Is the study of the effects of geography on politics and relations among states	19
8657116672	Organic Theory	Argues that states are born and that they need nourishment and living space to survive	20
8657116673	Heartland Theory	Argued that land-based power was essential in achieving global domination	21
8657116674	Rimland Theory	Argues that power is derived from controlling strategic maritime areas of the world	22
8657116675	Defined boundary	Is one established by a legal document such as a treaty that divides one entity from another(invisible line). The entity could range from a country to a single plot of real estate	23
8657116676	Delimited boundary	Is a line drawn on a map to show the limits of a space	24
8657116677	Demarcated boundary	Is one identified by physical objects placed on the landscape. The demarcation may be as simple as a sign or as complex as a set of fences and walls	25
8657116678	Natural boundary	Is based on physical features to separate entities. Ex/ the Missouri River divides Iraola and Nebraska	26
8657116679	Geometric boundary	Is a straight line drawn by people that does not follow any physical feature closely	27
8657116680	Definitional boundary disputes	Occur when two or more parties disagree over how to interpret the legal documents or maps that identify the boundary. Ex/ Chile and Argentina dispute regularly	28
8657116681	Locational boundary disputes	Are boundary disputes that center on where a boundary should be	29
8657116682	Irredentism	Occurs when one country seeks to annex territory in another because it has ties to part of the population that lives there	30
8657116683	Operational boundary disputes	Centers not on where the boundary is, but how it functions	31
8657116684	Allocational boundary disputes	Is when a boundary separates natural resources that may be used by both countries	32
8657116685	United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea	Was signed by over 150 countries between 1973 and 1982	33
8657116686	Territorial Sea	Up to 12 nautical miles of sovereignty; commercial vessels may pass, but non-commercial vessels may be challenged	34
8657116687	Contiguous Zones	Coastal states have limited sovereignty for up to 24 nautical miles, where they can enforce laws on customs, immigration, and sanitation	35
8657116688	Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)	Coastal states can explore, extract minerals, and manage up to 200 nautical miles	36
8657116689	High Seas	Water beyond the EEZ is open to all states	37
8657116690	Electorate	At the national, state/provincial, and local levels, these elected officials represent citizens and are designated to defined districts with distinct boundaries	38
8657116691	Census	A count of the population, every ten years	39
8657116692	Reapportionment	The changing number of representatives granted each state so it reflects the state's population	40
8657116693	Redistricting	Is when state legislatures redraw distinct boundaries so that each district contains roughly the same number of people	41
8657116694	Shatterbelt	Is when a region suffers instability because it is located between two very different regions	42
8657116695	Morphology	Can influence how people in the state interact	43
8657116696	Annexation	Is the process of legally adding territory to a city	44
8657116697	Antecedent boundary	A boundary drawn before a large population was present	45
8657116698	Subsequent (Ethnographic) boundary	A boundary drawn to accommodate religious, ethnic, linguistic, or economic differences	46
8657116699	Relic boundary	A boundary that no longer exists, but evidence of it still exists on the landscape	47
8657116700	Superimposed boundary	A boundary drawn by outside powers	48
8657116701	Militarized boundary	A boundary that is heavily guarded and discourages crossing and movement	49
8657116702	Open boundary	A boundary where crossing is allowed	50