APES Flashcards

6693921575	Mutualism	Symbiotic relationship where both partners benefit	0
6693921576	Commensalism	Symbiotic relationship where one partner benefits and the other is unaffected	1
6693921577	Parasitism	Relationship in which one partner obtains nutrients at the expense of the host	2
6693921578	Biome	Large distinct terrestrial region having similar climate, soil, plants and animals	3
6693921579	Carrying capacity	The number of individuals that can be sustained in an area	4
6693921580	R strategist	Reproduce early in life; many small unprotected offspring	5
6693921581	K strategist	Reproduce late in life; few offspring; care for offspring	6
6693921582	Positive feedback	When a change in some condition triggered a response that intensifies the changing conditions (warm earth-more ocean evaporation-more stratus clouds-less sunlight)	7
6693921583	Negative feedback	When a changing in some condition triggers a new response that counteracts the changed condition	8
6693921584	Malthus	Said human population cannot continue to increase exponentially; consequences will be war; famine and disease	9
6693921585	Doubling time	Rule of 70; 70 divided by the percent growth rate	10
6693921586	Replacement level fertility	The number of children a couple must have to replace themselves	11
6693921587	World population US populaitn	6.7 billion 305 million	12
6693921588	Preindustrial stage	High birth and death rates slow growth high IM	13
6693921589	Transitional stage	Death rate lower; better health care; population grows fast	14
6693921590	Industrial stage	Decline in birth rate; growth slows	15
6693921591	Post industrial stage	Low birth and death rates	16
6693921592	Age structure diagrams	Broad base=rapid growth Narrow base=negative growth Uniform shape=zero growth	17
6693921593	1st, 2nd & 3rd most populated countries	China, India, US	18
6693921594	Most important thing affecting population growth	Low status of women	19
6693921595	Ways to decrease birth rate	Family planning, contraception, economic rewards and penalties	20
6693921596	Percent water on earth by type	97.5% seawater 2.5% freshwater	21
6693921597	Salinization of soil	In arid regions, water evaporates leaving salt behind	22
6693921598	Ways to conserve water	Agriculture: drip/trickle irrigation Industry: recycling Home: use gray water,repair leaks, low flow fixtures	23
6693921599	Point v. Non point sources	Point- from a specific location Non point- from over an area such as runoff	24
6693921600	BOD	biological oxygen demand, Amt of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic decomposes to break down organic materials	25
6693921601	Eutrophication	Rapid algal growth caused by an excess of nitrates and phosphates in water	26
6693921602	Hypoxia	BOD rises and DO drops and cannot support life	27
6693921603	Minamata disease	Mental impairments cause by methylmercury poisoning	28
6693921604	Primary air pollutants	Produced by humans and nature (CO, CO2, SOx, NOx, hydrocarbons, particulates)	29
6693921605	Natural selection	Organisms that possess favorable adaptations pass them onto the next generation	30
6693921606	Particulate matter	Source: burning fossil fuels and diesel exhaust Effect: reduces visibility and respiratory irritation Reduction: filtering, electrostatic precip, alt energy)	31
6693921607	Nitrogen oxides	Source: auto exhaust Effect: acidification of lakes, respiratory irritation, leads to smog and ozone Reduction: catalytic converter	32
6693921608	Sulfur oxides	Sources: coal burning Effects: acid deposition, respiratory irritation, damages plants Equation- SO2+O2=SO3+H2O= H2SO4 Reduction: scrubbers, burn low sulfur fuel	33
6693921609	Carbon oxides	Source: auto exhaust, incomplete combustion Effects: CO binds to hemoglobin, reducing bloods ability to carry O2; CO2 contributes to global warming Reduction: catalytic converter, emission testing, oxygenated fuel, mass transit	34
6693921610	Ozone	Formation: secondary pollutant Effects: respiratory irritant, plant damage Reduction: reduce NO and VOC emissions	35
6693921611	Radon	Naturally occurring colorless, odorless, radioactive gas, found in some types of soil and rock, can seep into homes and buildings, formed from the decay of uranium, causes lung cancer	36
6693921612	Photochemical smog	Formed by chemical reactions involving sunlight	37
6693921613	Acid deposition	Caused by sulfuric and nitric acids resulting in lowered pH of surface waters	38