APES Flashcards

7630560171	Past temp can be inferred from:	•Radioisotopes in rocks •ancient gas trapped in bubbles	0
7630560172	Why is climate changing	•greenhouse gas •solar radiation reaching surface of earth •1% of lower atmosphere (vapor, water)	1
7630560173	Clouds	Part of a positive feedback loop that elevate ocean temp ; as oceans absorb more CO2, they absorb less heat	2
7630560174	Volcanoes	Can change climate temporarily	3
7630560175	Where do greenhouse gases come from	CO2 CH4 CFCs SO2	4
7630636765	Indicator of dangerous climate change	global atmospheric temp increases above 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit	5
7630654506	Possible effects of snow and ice melt	-rising sea levels (slowed jetstreams) -faster melting of land-based ice -increased rainfall -shrinkage of mountain glaciers	6
7630677112	Effects of permafrost melt	-60x more CO2 is emitted than from burning fossil fuels -Methane is present on Arctic sea floor -increase in rainfall will cause tropical wetlands to expand; produce more plants that will decay and release methane from anaerobic decay	7
7630701505	Rising sea levels	-Projected to flood low-lying urban areas, coastal estuaries, wetlands, coral reefs and barrier island and beaches -Global warming could alter ocean currents and cause both excessive warming and severe cooling	8
7630734866	Serious effects of oceans on the rise	-Degradation of 1/3 of coastal estuaries, wetlands, coral reefs, and deltas -disruption of fisheries -flooding and erosion -submersion of low-lying land	9
7630748737	ocean acidification	-rising levels of CO2 are responsible for increaed acidity of oceans -threatens coral and other shelled organisms -decreased population of basis of ocean food chain	10
7630841867	severe droughts	-evaporation due to higher temps exceeds precipitation -hypothesized higher temp due to atmospheric warming -water cycle making more water vapor (greenhouse gas) -less growth of trees and other plants which reduce removal of CO2 -soils dry out and wild fires become more frequent	11
7630954000	options for dealing w/ climate change	mitigation: slow and avoid climate change tipping points-reduce greenhouse gas emissions adaptation: recognize some warming is unavoidable and develop strategies that reduce harmful effects	12
7630984657	clean up greenhouse gas emissions	-increase uptake of co2 by implementing global tree planting program -restore wetlands that have been drained -plant large areas of degraded land wih fast growing perennial plants -use biochar -carbon capture and storage	13
7631019975	Major prevention strategies	-improve energy efficiency to reduce fossil fuel use -shift from carbon based fossil fuels to low carbon renewable resources -stop cutting down tropical forests and plant trees to remove more CO2 from atmospjere -shift to sustainable and climate friendly agriculture	14
7631086887	2012 FRQ Describe 1 alternative energy source that would reduce carbon footprint; 1 benefit and 1 drawback	Wind turbines- used to capture energy from wind to produce electricity -benefit: minimal habitat disruption, produces no air pollution -drawback: requires large expanse of land/habitat, requires toxic materials for production	15
7632432170	2012 FRQ Part B identify 2 ecological benefits provided by intact forest ecoystems	-provide homes/shelter for wildlife -maintain biodiversity	16
7632438488	2012 FRQ Part C (i)	1 ha x 2.7x10^5kg/ha x 0.5=1.35x10^5kg	17
7632440337	2012 FRQ Part C (ii)	3.0x10^5gal x 10kg co2/gal x 0.27 kg C/kg CO2 =8.1x10^5 kg	18
7632441570	2012 FRQ Part C (iii)	8.1x10^5 kg/1.35x10^5 kg/ha=6ha	19
7632442881	2012 FRQ Part C (iv)	6hax $12,000/ha = $72,000	20
7631124651	2011 FRQ part A Explain how increase in amount of dissolved co2 in ocean water results in decrease in PH of ocean water	when co2 dissolves in ocean water it forms an acid	21
7631146110	2011 FRQ part B explain why movement of carbon into ocean has been increasing	-concentration of CO2 in atmosphere has increased -source of increase in CO2 in atmosphere is burning of fossil fuels	22
7631156431	2011 FRQ Part C calculate current annual global increse in volume of CaCO3 in coral reefs	2.5X10^11 m^2 X 3mm/year X 1m/1X10^3mm =7.5X10^8 m^3 per year	23
7631163517	2011 FRQ part C (cont) calculate current annual increase in mass of CaCO3 in coral reefs	7.5X10^8 m^3/year X 2x10^3 kg/1m^3 = 1.5X10^8 m^3 per year	24
7631176401	2011 FRQ Part C (cont)	0.2X1.5X10^12 kg= 3x10^11 kg	25
7631192769	2011 FRQ Part D Identify 1 neg environmental impact of loss of coral reefs	impact: loss of habitat description: -elimination of food source for marine life -loss of breeding grounds for fish and birds -loss of shelter	26
7631200370	2011 FRQ Part E Identify 1 environmental problem that affects marine ecosystems	increased ocean temperatures	27
7631206028	2010 FRQ Part A calculate expected increase in sea level	3.0 mm/year x 50 years = 150 mm= 0.15 m	28
7631212449	2010 FRQ part B identify 2 phenomena that result from increase in global atmospheric temp	Phenomena: melting of Antarctic ice shelves explanation: ice shelves are attatched to continental ice and do not displace liquid water; if they break off, they will displace water and raise the sea levels	29
7631225950	2010 FRQ part B (cont)	Phenomena: thermal expansion of the ocean Description: as water warms, water molecules move farther apart, and the volume of the ocean increases	30
7631232137	2010 FRQ Part C 2 environmental impacts that increasing sea levels will have on ecosystem	Impact: loss/erosion of habitat Description: loss of wetlands may lead to changes in water depth, light levels and temp, causing migration of species	31
7631237162	2010 FRQ part C (cont)	Impact: increased nutrient loads in water Description: estuaries filter out excess nutrients; w/o them, eutrophication may lead to algai blooms	32