AP Biology Cell Membrane Flashcards

Cell membrane structure and functions

5474525121	Selective Permeability	Allows some substances to cross more easily than others	0
5474525123	phospholipid bilayer	a double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma membranes	1
5474525124	Integral Proteins	Proteins that extend through the phospholipid bilayer.	2
5474525125	Peripheral Proteins	A protein loosely attached to the surface of a membrane	3
5474525126	Glycoproteins	proteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them	4
5474525127	cholesterol	steroid present in the plasma membranes of animal cells. A large amount of this in a phospholipid bilayer at High Temperatures reduces membrane fluidity, but at Lower Temperature prevents the membrane from solidifying.	5
5474525128	Concentration Gradient	a difference in the concentration of a substance across a space	6
5474525129	Diffusion	the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, so that they spread out evenly reaching equilibrium	7
5474525130	Osmosis	The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane	8
5474525131	Transport Proteins	proteins that help to transport substances across cell membranes	9
5474525132	Aquaporins	Channel proteins that help massive amount of water pass through the membrane; a lot in our kidneys	10
5474525133	Passive Transport	movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy	11
5474525134	Isotonic	a solution whose solute concentration equals that inside a cell; the cell will not change	12
5474525135	Hypertonic	the solution with the greater concentration of solutes than that inside the cell; the cell will lose water to its environment--> Cell will shrivel up	13
5474525136	Hypotonic	the solution with the lower concentration of solutes than that inside the cell; water will enter the cell -> Cell will swell and burst	14
5474525137	Osmoregulation	The control of water balance	15
5474525138	Turgid	Very firm (healthy state), especially for plant cells	16
5474525139	Plasmolysis	As a plant cell shrivels its plasma membrane pulls away from the wall	17
5474525140	Facilitated Diffusion	passive transport of ions or polar molecules across a plasma membrane by transport proteins	18
5474525141	Active Transport	transport of a substance through a cell membrane against the concentration gradient; requires energy	19
5474525142	Sodium-Potassium Pump	a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell	20
5474525143	Exocytosis	process by which a cell releases large amounts of material by vesicles	21
5474525144	Endocytosis	the movement of a substance into a cell by a vesicle	22
5474525145	Phagocytosis	a type of endocytosis in which microbes are taken in by immune cells of animals (mainly by macrophages)	23
5474525146	Pinocytosis	cellular drinking	24
5474525147	Receptor-mediated endocytosis	Taking in large amount of specific substances by binding to receptors, which form vesicles and are then taken in by the cell	25
5474525148	osmotic pressure	The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is highly concentrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself, so the pressure required to resist that movement would be high. Thus, highly concentrated solutions are said to have high osmotic pressures.	26