AP Psych: Spring Final Flashcards
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| 9835613856 | Instinct | Compex behavior have fixed patterns and are not learned. ex: animal motivation | 0 | |
| 9835613857 | Drive Reduction | Physiological need creates aroused tension (drive) that motivates you to satisfy the need (driven by homeostasis--equilibrium) | 1 | |
| 9835613858 | Optimal Arousal | Humans aim to seek optimum levels of arousal-- easier tasks requires more arousal, harder tasks need less. | 2 | |
| 9835613859 | Hierarchy of Needs | Theory derived by MASLOW-- needs lower in the pyramid have priority over needs higher in the pyramid. |  | 3 |
| 9835613860 | Signals of Hunger | -Glucose: sugar, level is maintained by the pancreas. -Insulin: decreases glucose, too little makes us hungry. -Orexin: is released by the hypothalamus, tells us to eat. | 4 | |
| 9837526679 | Anorexia | A disorder in which a person losses at least 15% of their ideal weight, distorted body image. | 5 | |
| 9837532489 | Bulimia | A disorder in which a person has a normal body weight, but goes through binge-purge eating pattern. | 6 | |
| 9837542271 | Hypothalamus | A stimulation increases physical behavior, destruction leads to sexual inhibition. | 7 | |
| 9837549101 | Pituitary Gland | This monitors, initiates, and restricts hormones. | 8 | |
| 9837553421 | James-Lange | Emotion theory: stimulus--> physiological arousal--> emotion | 9 | |
| 9837559192 | Cannon-Bard | Emotion theory: stimulus--> physiological arousal & emotion simultaneously | 10 | |
| 9837567959 | Schacter Two-Factor | Emotion theory: adds cognitive labeling stimulus--> arousal--> interpret external cues--> label emotion | 11 | |
| 9837584343 | GAS (General Adaptation Syndrome) | Three phases of a stress response: -Alarm: body/you freak out in response to stress -Resistance: body/you are dealing with stress -Exhaustion: body/you cannot take any more, give up | 12 | |
| 9837612511 | Industrial/Organizational Psych | Physiological of the workplace-- focuses on employee recruitment, placement, training, satisfaction, productivity. | 13 | |
| 9837631142 | Ergonomics (Human Factors) | Intersection of engineering an psych-- focuses on safety and efficiency of human-machine interaction. | 14 | |
| 9837638171 | Hawthorne Effect | Productivity increases when workers are made to feel important. | 15 | |
| 9837649869 | Prenatal Development | -Zygote: 0-14 days, cells are dividing -Embryo: until about 9 weeks, vital organs being formed -Fetus: 9 weeks to birth, overall development -Teratogens: external agents that can cause abnormal prenatal development | 16 | |
| 9837684596 | Physical Development | -Maturation: natural course of development, occurs no matter what -Reflexes: innate responses we're born with -Habituation: after continual exposure you pay less attention-- used to test babies | 17 | |
| 9854273170 | Piaget's Cognitive Development | -Schemas: concepts or framework that organize info -Assimilation: incorporate new info into existing schema -Accommodation: adjusting existing schemas to incorporate new info _________________ -Sensorimotor: focused on exploring the world -Pre-Operational: use pretend play, developing language, using intuitive reasoning -Concrete Operational: use of operational thinking, classification, and can think logical in concrete context -Formal Operational: use abstract and idealist thoughts, hypothetical-deductive reasoning | 18 | |
| 9854343099 | Harry Harlow | He discovered that contact comfort is more important that feeding. | 19 | |
| 9854364507 | Kohlberg's Moral Development | -Preconventional morality: children follow rules to avoid punishment -Conventional morality: adolescents follow rules because rules exist to keep order -Postconventional morality: adults do what they believe is right | 20 | |
| 9854393032 | Erickson's Socioemotional Development | -TrustvMistrust: if needs are dependably met, infants develop basic trust -AutonomyvShame&Doubt: toddlers learn to exercise their will and think for themselves -InitiativevGuilt: 3-6yrolds learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans -IndustryvInferiority: learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks -IdentityvRole Confusion: they refine a sense of self by testing roles and forming an identity -IntimacyvIsolation: they form close relationships and gain capacity for love -GenerativityvStagnation: they discover the sense of contributing to the world, thru family & work -IntegrityvDespair: they reflect on life, feel satisfaction or failure | 21 | |
| 9854500122 | Freud's Psychosexual Stages | -Oral: pleasure focuses on mouth -Anal: pleasure involves eliminative functions -Phallic: pleasure focuses on genitals -Latency: psychic timeout-- personality is set -Genital: sexual reawakening | 22 | |
| 9854529923 | Psychoanalysis | The way we analyze a person's unconscious motives thru the use of: free association, transference, dream interpretation, and projective tests. | 23 | |
| 9854565570 | Carl Jung | He believed in the collective unconscious and was a neo-freudian. | 24 | |
| 9854573668 | Traits | These are enduring personality characteristics, people can be described by these-- have strong or weak tendencies. | 25 | |
| 9854591241 | Reciprocal Determinism | This is the interaction of behavior, cognitions, and environment that make up you. | 26 | |
| 9854612371 | Abnormal Behavior | This is behavior that is unlike the majority of a healthy human population behaviors which could pose a threat to one's livelihood or well-being. | 27 | |
| 9854636729 | Anxiety Disorders | What do these cause? -Psychodymanic: repressed thoughts& feelings that manifest in anxiety and rituals -Behaviorist: fear conditioning leads to anxiety, which is then reinforced | 28 | |
| 9854682624 | Somatoform Disorders | Psychological disorders with no apparent physical cause. | 29 | |
| 9854709800 | Symptoms of Abnormal Disorders | *Positive* Something added -Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, disorganized speech *Negative* Something taken away -Flat affect, impaired decision making, inability to pay attention | 30 | |
| 9854741177 | Antisocial | NOT 'avoidant of socialization' more like 'anti-society' disregard for others, manipulative, breaks laws | 31 | |
| 9854772787 | Treatments | -Humanistic: client-centered therapy -Cognitive: rational-emotive therapy, illogical thoughts-->psychological problems=challenges those thoughts -Behavioral: classical conditioning, exposure therapy, operant conditioning -Other: family/group -Biological: drug therapies, electroconvulsive therapy, psychosurgery -Psychodynamic: to reveal the unconscious mind | 32 | |
| 9854882071 | Attribution Theory | When we explain others behaviors by crediting the situation or the person's disposition. | 33 | |
| 9854894598 | Fundamental Attribution Error | The tendency for observers to underestimate the importance of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition. | 34 | |
| 9854910885 | Cognitive Dissonance | When two opposing thoughts conflict with each other, causing discomfort, which makes us find ways to justify the situation. | 35 | |
| 9854947512 | Groupthink | This is the desire for harmony within a group that leads to everyone going along with the same thinking, ignoring other possibilities or bad ideas. | 36 | |
| 9854963599 | Group Polarization | The more time spent with a group, the more similar their thoughts/opinions will be. | 37 | |
| 9854996725 | FRQ Tip | *Define* then *Apply* the term! B.S. what you don't know! | 38 |