AP Biology Test: Viruses Flashcards

8959643150	Virus	an infection particle consisting of genes packaged in a protein coat	0
8959643151	DNA/RNA in Virus	contains either double-stranded or single stranded RNA or DNA	1
8959643152	Viruses	lack machinery/structures found in cells cannot reproduce outside host cell cannot carry out metabolic activities on their own only intracellular parasite	2
8959643153	parts of virus	capsid: shell genetic material: DNA/RNA some have envelope: surround capsid, comes from membrane of host cell	3
8959643154	bacteriophages	viruses that infect bacteria almost all have DNA genomes	4
8959643155	host range	virus can only infect limited number of host species "lock and key" -- between viral surface proteins and specific receptor molecules on outside of host cells	5
8959643156	infection	begins when virus binds to host cell and viral genome enters the cell viral proteins take over host and reprogram cell to copy viral nucleic acids and proteins	6
8959643157	What cell provides for virus in infection	provides: nucleotides amino acids enzymes tRNA host cell provides DNA polymerase but RNA viruses use viral RNA polymerase	7
8959643158	simple replication	copies nucleic acids and proteins components self-assemble hundreds/thousands of assembled viruses leave host cell (which could damage/destroy host cell)	8
8959643159	cell death from virus	causes many symptoms associated with viral infections (cell breaks open from too many virus particles or cell is not able to make enough of its own proteins)	9
8959643160	lytic cycle of virus	results in host cell death (lytic = lysis, lysis--breaks open) cell)	10
8959643161	envelope on animal viruses	has viral glycoproteins and host plasma membrane that binds to specific receptor molecules	11
8959643162	retroviruses	two identical ssRNA enter and used as template to form DNA using reverse transcriptase viral dsDNA enters and is integrated in host DNA (called provirus) provirus never leaves host DNA	12
8959643163	reverse transcriptase	creates complement to ssDNA ssRNA->ssDNA->dsDNA	13
8959643164	prion	infections proteins converts folded protein into misfolded protein and interferes with normal protein act can cause degenerative brain diseases (mad cow) acts slowly indestructible with no known cures	14