AP Flashcards

8502191882	sagittal plane	right and left	0
8502192728	coronal plane	front(ventral) and back(dorsal)	1
8502195560	transverse plane	cross section, divides body from top to bottom	2
8502197805	anatomic plane	the body is erect, the feet are slightly apart, the head is held high, and the palms of the hands are facing forward.	3
8502199536	superior	above	4
8502200258	inferior	below	5
8502200373	anterior	facing forward	6
8502200589	posterior	toward the back	7
8502201313	medial	toward the mid-line	8
8502203464	proximal	towards limbs	9
8502203784	distal	away from limbs	10
8502205831	dorsal or back cavity	cranial and spinal	11
8502207887	ventral or front cavity	orbits, nasal, oral, thoracic, abdominopelvic cavities	12
8502210515	histology	study of tissues	13
8502211798	tissue	a group of cells that perform a specific function	14
8502212947	epithelial tissue	covers, line, and protect the body and its internal organ	15
8502215654	connective tissue	framework of body, provides support and structure for organs	16
8502217322	nerve tissue or neuroglia	composed of neurons, and ct tissues	17
8502220206	muscle tissue	ability to contract or shorten	18
8502221219	voluntary muscle	muscle tissue	19
8502221709	involuntary muscle	smooth and cardiac muscle	20
8502222374	cell	is the basic unit of life and building blocks of tissues and organs	21
8502228002	mitosis	growth and repair, DNA is duplicated and distributed EVENLY to 2 daughter cells	22
8502229607	meiosis	cell division takes place in the gonads; ovaries and testes, the chrom number is REDUCED from 46 to 23	23
8502230540	skin	largest organ in the body	24
8502232457	epidermis	outer layer, most protective layer made of dead skin: keratinized	25
8502242091	the layers of epidermis from outer to inner layer	stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum the most inner part: stratum germinatiivum includes stratum spinosum and stratum basale	26
8502247472	stratum corneum	top layer of dead skin, basic protection from environment	27
8502249233	stratum lucidum	clear layer, on the palms and soles of the feet	28
8502249439	stratum granulosum	handles keratin protein	29
8502250251	stratum germinatiivum	where mitosis occurs, includes stratum spinosum and basale	30
8502250772	stratum spinosum	spiky layer or dasmosome, have immune cells like Langerhans cells exist on the surface of the skin. They help to protect you by keeping dangerous microbes from entering your body.	31
8502250773	stratum basale	connects the epidermis to dermis	32
8502260765	dermis	the underlying layer of ct tissues with blood vessels and nerve endings	33
8502262048	melanin	epidermal cells contain protein pigment which protect from the sun	34
8502265633	eccrine gland	watery secretion THRU the skin (SWEAT)	35
8502266980	apocrine gland	armpits and groin area SWEAT, resulting in body odor	36
8502271400	sebaceous gland	release sebum through hair follicle to lubricate skin	37
8502272579	sebum	produced by holocrine secretion, which become clogged, attract bacteria during adolescence	38
8502276741	the appendages of skin include	hair and nails	39
8502283578	what happens when epidermal cells move from the inner layer to superficial layer?	the move away from blood and nutrient supply, therefore dehydrate and die	40
8502285767	skeletal system	body framework consists of bone, cartilage, ligaments and joints	41
8502286217	function of skeletal system	support movement blood cell formation; hemopiesis protection of internal organs detoxification; removal of posions provision for muscle attachment mineral storage: calcium and phosphorus	42
8502290225	long bone	longer than wide; femur	43
8502290569	short bone	cube shaped; carpals	44
8502296080	fat bone	consists of compact and spongy in the middle; vertebra	45
8502299184	compact bone	osteon or haversian system: structural unit of bone. consists of an osteonic canal, lamellae of matrix, osteocytes in lacunae, and canaliculi.	46
8502305680	spongy bone	less dense, consist of trabecule: provide strength to bone; around irregular cavities that contain RBM	47
8502307737	diaphysis	shaft of long bone	48
8502307996	epiphysis	end of long bone	49
8502310198	osteoblast	bone forming cell	50
8502310353	osteoclast	destroys or resorbs bone tissue	51
8502311164	osteocyte	mature cone cell	52
8502311713	osteon	structural unit of bone	53
8502315107	synarthroses joint	immovable joint, hold bones together by short fibers	54
8502318471	amphiarthroses joint	connected by hyline cartilage or fibrocartilage; intervertebral disks and symphysis pubis	55
8502323491	diarthroses joint	freely movable; synovial joint:gliding, condyloid, hinge, saddle, pivot, ball and socket	56
8502327067	endochondral ossification	cartilage replaced by bone	57
8502327493	intramembranous ossification	ct replaced by bone; fontanels is considered the soft spot on the babies head	58
8502330951	epiphyseal plate	plate between the epiphysis;ends and diaphysis;shaft, the lengthwise growth of a long bone	59
8504190608	axial skeleton	80 bones skull vertebral column 12 ribs sternum	60
8504193501	human skeleton	206 bones	61
8504198397	appendicular skeleton	126 bones	62
8504198617	skull or cranial	28 bones 14 facial 14 cranial vaults	63
8504198871	ossicles of the ear	6 paired bones on each ear malleus incus stapes	64
8504201808	facial bones include	2 nasal 2 maxillary or upper jaw 2 zygomatic or cheek bone 1 mandible or lower jaw 2 palatine 1 vomer 2 lacrimal produce tears 2 inferior nasal conchea	65
8506264171	clavicle	collar bone, anterior bone of the pectoral girdle	66
8506264172	scapula	shoulder blade, posterior bone of the pectoral girdle	67
8506264173	scapula	bone that has an acromion and spine	68
8506265054	humerus	large bone of the arm	69
8506265933	radius	bone lateral side of forearm	70
8506266346	ulna	under, bone medial side of forearm	71
8506271636	radius	bone lateral side of forearm	72
8506271938	carpels	wrist bones	73
8506272264	metacarpals	bone that form the palm of the hand	74
8506273735	phalanges	bones that form fingers and toes	75
8506274769	ulna	trochlea of humerus	76
8506277011	saddle joint	back and worth, side to side, thumb	77
8506286678	ball and socket	widest range of movement, shoulder	78
8506288601	gliding joint	allow bones to glide one another in any directions, wrist	79
8506289376	hinge	forward and backward movement, elbow	80
8506290677	convex	outward	81
8506291066	concave	inward	82
8506291797	pivot joint	move head side to side, cervical 1 & 2	83
8507028211	tibia	shine bone	84
8507028342	fibia	calf bone	85
8507055006	patella	seasamoid bone	86
8507055913	sternum	manubrium: jugular notch, attaches to body the body xiphoid	87
8507060575	true ribs	7 cervical vertebra C1-C7 c1: atlas, holds up occippital c2: axis odontiod process	88
8507068298	false ribs	12 thoracic T1-T12	89
8507075887	floating ribs	5 lumbar L1-L5	90
8507077147	scarum and coccyx	5bones fused into 1	91
8506985199	muscles	produce movement by contracting in response to nervous stimulation	92
8506988136	sarcomeres	myofibrils resulting sliding together of actin and myosin	93
8507002604	calcium and ATP	must be present for a muscle cell to contract	94
8507082298	motor neurons	release of calcium from sacroplasmic recticulum to form myosin and actin to use Energy by ATP, the filaments slide together to produce Contraction	95
8507088461	skeletal muscles	voluntarily; conscious control	96
8507088922	prime mover or agonist	given movement	97
8507090207	synergists	assists the action of a prime mover	98
8507094127	antagonist	opposite movement to none	99
8507095325	flexors	reduce the angle at the joint; bending	100
8507095724	extensors	increase the angle at the joint; straightening	101
8507098917	abductor	draw limb AWAY from midline	102
8507099011	adductor	towards the midline	103
8507103696	mastication	chewing muscles include masster and temporalis	104
8507105354	sternocleidomastoid	flexes neck muscle	105
8507105881	trapezuis	extends neck muscle	106
8507116199	intercostal muscles and diaphragm	thoracic wall, process of breathing	107
8507117284	abdominal walls	external oblique internal oblique transversus abdominis rectus abdominis provide strength and support	108
8507122312	erector spinae	muscles of the vertebral column from sacrum to skull	109
8507128006	trapezius and serratus(ant.)	attaches and moves scapula	110
8507133486	latissimus doris	lower back	111
8507134334	triceps brachii	posterior, EXTENDS forearm	112
8507134722	biceps brachii and brachialis	anterior, FLEX forearm	113
8507136243	brachioradialis	flexes and supinates forearm	114
8507138386	deltoid	shoulder muscle	115
8507141545	quadriceps femoris	anterior thigh, straightens leg	116
8507142823	sartorious muscle	anterior surface of thing, FLEX and medially rotates the leg	117
8507145980	hamstring muscle	posterior thigh muscle are antagonist(opposite) from quads	118
8507149521	tibialis	anterior, dorsiflexes: foot in flat on the floor	119
8507151132	peroneus muscle	lateral muscle, everts: rotation the ankle so that the sole of foot points AWAY from the other	120
8507153117	gastrocnemius muscle	posterior of lower leg, planter flex:toes pointed up	121
8507154300	inversion	rotating the ankle so that the sole of the foot points TOWARDS the other	122
8507155256	depression	moving a body part in a inferior direction	123
8507155464	elevation	moving a body part in a superior direction	124