APES Energy Flashcards

8564512243	active solar	an approach in which technological devices are used to focus, move, or store solar energy.	0
8564512246	biomass	organic material derived from living or recently living organisms, containing chemical energy that originated from photosynthesis	1
8564512248	biofuels	fuel produced from biomass energy sources and used primarily to power automobiles	2
8564512250	bitumen	a thick and heavy form of petroleum rich in carbon and poor in hydrogen	3
8564512254	Chernobyl	Site of a nuclear power plant in Ukraine (then a part of the Soviet Union), where in 1986 an explosion caused the most severe nuclear reactor accident the world has yet seen.	4
8564512255	Clean coal technologies	a wide array of techniques, equipment, and approaches that seek to remove chemical contaminants (such as sulfur) during the process of generating electricity from coal	5
8564512258	carbon sequestration	technologies or approaches to sequester, or store, carbon dioxide from industrial emissions.	6
8564512260	crude oil	a fossil fuel produced by the conversion of organic compounds by heat and pressure.	7
8564512262	electricity	a secondary form of energy that can be trasnferred over long distances and applied for a variety of uses.	8
8564512263	energy	the capacity to change the position, physical composition, or temperature of matter; a force that can accomplish work	9
8564512268	ethanol	the alcohol in beer, wine, and liquor, produced as a biofuel by fermenting biomass, generally from carbohydrate-rich crops such as corn.	10
8564512270	first law of thermodynamics	physical law stating that energy can change from one form to another but cannot be created or lost.	11
8564512272	fossil fuels	a nonrenewable natural resource, such as crude oil, natural gas, or coal, produced by the decomposition and compression of organic matter from ancient life.	12
8564512273	fuel rods	rods of uranium that supply the fuel for nuclear fission, and are kept bathed in a moderator in a nuclear reactor.	13
8564512274	gasification	a process in which biomass is vaporized at extremely high tempratures in the absence of oxygen, creating a gaseous mixture including hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane, in order to produce biopower or biofuels.	14
8564512275	geothermal energy	renewable energy that is generated deep within earth.	15
8564512279	hydroelectric power	the generation of electricity using the kinetic energy of moving water	16
8564512280	kerogen	a substance derived from deeply buried organic matter that acts as a source material for both natural gas and crude oil.	17
8564512281	kinetic energy	energy of motion.	18
8564512282	liquefied natural gas	natural gas that has been converted to a liquid at low-temperatures and that can be shipped long distances in refrigerated tankers.	19
8564512283	meltdown	the accidental melting of the uranium fuel rods inside the core of a nuclear reactor, causing the release of radiation.	20
8564512284	methane hydrate	an ice-like solid consisting of molecules of methane embedded in a crystal lattice of water molecules.	21
8564512286	natural gas	a fossil fuel composed primarily of methane (CH4), produced as a byproduct when bacteria decompose organic material under anaerobic conditions.	22
8564512288	NIMBY	syndrome in which people do not want something (e.g. a polluting facility) where they live, even if they may want or need the thing to exist somewhere. "Not in my BackYard"	23
8564512289	nuclear energy	the energy that holds together protons and neutrons within the nucleus of an atom.	24
8564512290	nuclear fission	the conversion of the energy within an atom's nucleus to usable thermal energy by splitting apart atomic nuclei.	25
8564512293	nuclear reactors	a facility within a nuclear power plant that initiates and controls the process of nuclear fission in order to generate electricity.	26
8564512295	oil sands	deposits that can be mined from the ground, consisting of moist sand and clay containing 1-20% bitumen, that some envision as a replacement for crude oil as this resource is depleted.	27
8564512296	oil shale	sedimentary rock filled with kerogen that can be processed to produce liquid petroleum.	28
8564512298	peak oil	term used to describe the point of maximum production of petroleum in the world, after whch oil production declines.	29
8564512300	photovoltaic cells	a device designed to collect sunlight and directly convert it to electrical energy by making use of the photoelectric eeffect.	30
8564512306	refining	process of separating the molecules of the various hydrocarbons in crude oil into different-sized classes and transforming them into various fuels and other petrochemical products.	31
8564512310	solar energy	energy from the sun - perpetually renewable and may be harnessed in several ways	32
8564512314	Three Mile Island	nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania that in 1979 experienced a partia lmeltdown.	33
8564512315	tidal energy	energy harnessed bye recting a dam across the outlet of a tidal basin.	34
8564512316	wave energy	energy harnessed from the motion of wind-driven waves at the ocean's surface.	35
8564512317	wind energy	energy from the motion of wind	36
8564512318	wind turbines	a mechanichal assembly that converts the wind's kinetic energy, or energy of motion, into electrical energy	37