APES Food Flashcards

6145157628	Undernutrition	Not consuming enough calories to be healthy.	0
6145157629	Malnourished	Diet lacks the correct balance of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minterals	1
6145157630	Food Security	- Condition in which people have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs for an active and healthy life.	2
6145157631	Food Insecurity	Refers to the condition in which people do not have adequate access to food.	3
6145157632	Famine	Condition in which food insecurity is so extreme that large #'s of deaths occur in a given area over a relatively short period.	4
6145157633	Anemia	Iron deficiency; most widespread nutritional deficiency in the world. (Est. 3 billion)	5
6145157634	Overnutrition	The ingestion of too many calories and improper foods, which causes a person to become overweight (Est. 1 billion).	6
6145157635	Meat	2nd largest component of the human diet; usually defined as livestock and poultry.	7
6145157636	Industrial Agriculture/Agribusiness	Applies the techniques of the Industrial Revolution - Mechanization and standardization - to the production of food.	8
6145157638	Green Revolution	New management techniques and mechanization as well as the triad of fertilization, irrigation and improved crop varieties. These changes increased food production drastically.	9
6145157644	Fertilizers	Replaces nutrients lost through agriculture	10
6145157645	Organic Fertilizers	Composed of organic matter from plants and animals. Manure, etc.	11
6145157646	Synthetic/Inorganic	Produced commercially. Nitrogen fertilizers are often made by combusting natural gas.	12
6145157647	Monocropping	Dominant agricultural practice in the U.S. Where large patches of land grow only one kind of crop. -> Soil degredation	13
6145157648	Pesticides	Substances that kill or control pests.	14
6145157649	Insecticides	Target species of insects and other invertebrates that eat crops.	15
6145157650	Herbicides	Target plant species that compete with crops.	16
6145157651	Broad-Spectrum	Pesticides that kill many different pests.	17
6145157652	Selective Pesticides	Kill on a narrow range of organisms.	18
6145157653	Persistent	Pesticides that remain in the environment for a long time	19
6145157654	Bioaccumulation	Building up over time in fat tissue of predators. More builds up than is eliminated.	20
6145157655	Nonperisistent	Breakdown rapidly	21
6145157656	Resistant	Those individuals who survive the pesticide	22
6145157657	Pesticide Treadmill	Positive feedback system. Pesticide Development -> Survivors/Immune -> more poisons.	23
6145157658	Conventional Agriculture	Industrial agriculture that has been so successful in reducing labor inputs and has become very widespread.	24
6145157662	Sustainable Agriculture	Fulfills the need for food and fiber while enhancing the quality of soil, minimizing the use of nonrenewable resources and allowing economic viability for the farmer.	25
6145157663	Intercropping	2 or more crop species are planted in the same field at the same time to promote a synergistic interaction between them.	26
6145157664	Crop Rotation	Moving crops around to help keep nutrient levels high throughout the years.	27
6145157665	Agroforestry	Intercropping trees with vegetables allows vegetation of different heights to act a windbreaks and catch soil.	28
6145157666	Contour Plowing	Plowing and harvesting parallel to the topographic contours of the land helps prevent erosion by water.	29
6145157667	No-Till Agriculture	Avoid soil degradation that comes with conventional agricultural techniques.	30
6145157668	Integrated Pest Management (IPM)	Uses a variety of techniques designed to minimize pesticide outputs.	31
6145157669	Organic Agriculture	Production of crops without the use of synthetic pesticides or fertilizers.	32
6145157670	Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO)	Which are large indoor or outdoor structures designed for maximum output.	33
6145157671	Fishery	Commercially harvestable population of fish within an ecological region.	34
6145157672	Fishery Collapse	Decline of a fish population by at least 90%	35
6145157673	Bycatch	Unintentional Catches. Significantly reduced population of fish species such as sharks and endangered other organisms.	36
6145157675	Aquaculture	Farmings of aquatic organisms like shellfish, fish or seaweed.	37