AP Psych: Social Psychology Flashcards

4815499537	Social Psychology	a branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others	0
4815518822	Stereotypes	widely held beliefs people have certain characteristics because they belong to a particular group	1
4815530557	Attractive	A person who is ____ are seen as more sociable, friendly, poised, warm, and more competent.	2
4815535318	Illusory Correlation	occurs when people overestimate how often they have encountered people who confirm association between SOCIAL TRAITS then they have actually seen. Also tend to underestimate disconfirmations of stereotypes.	3
4815544607	Ingroup	group one identifies with	4
4815549033	Outgroup	group one does not identify with (negative stereotypes)	5
4815553532	Attributions	Inferences people draw about the causes of events, others behavior, and their own behavior	6
4815560245	Internal attributions	Ascribing the causes of behavior to personal dispositions, traits, abilities, and feelings.	7
4815567404	External attributions	Ascribing causes of behavior to situational demands and environmental constraints.	8
4815574538	Weiners model	the four types of attributions are Internal, external, unstable, and stables causes	9
4815588695	Hindsight Bias	tendency to mold ones interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out "i knew it all along"	10
4815593790	Self serving bias	tendency to take personal credit for your successes but blame external sources for your failures	11
4815596080	Just world phenomenon	people's tendency to believe that the world is just and that people get what they deserve. Because people want to believe that the world is fair, they will look for ways to explain or rationalize away injustice - often by blaming the victim.	12
4815601583	Fundamental attribution error	observe someones behavior and attribute it to a internal factor	13
4815606316	Actor-observer Bias	our behavior is caused by external factors while others behavior is caused by internal factors	14
4815613259	Defensive attribution	tendency to blame victims for their misfortune, so that one feels less likely to be victimized in a similar way	15
4815622706	Individualism	putting personal goals ahead of group goals and DEFINING identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group memberships	16
4815629697	Collectivism	putting group goals ahead of personal and DEFINING identity in terms of group attributes rather than group memberships	17
4815640933	yes	Are collectivist or individualists more prone to fundamental attribution error	18
4815647744	Stereotype threat	causes range of Hispanic/Black students to under perform on the SATs	19
4815652860	Psychology	The study that studies behavior and the psychological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and it's the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems	20
4815937506	Interpersonal attraction	refers to positive feeling toward another	21
4815939248	Matching Hypothesis	proposes males and females of equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners	22
4815942730	Passionate love	Complete absorption in another including sexual feelings and agony/ecstasy of intense emotion	23
4815946498	Compassionate love	warm, trusting, tolerant affection for another who's life is deeply intertwined with ones own	24
4815950056	Secure attachment	can get close to others, dependent	25
4815951736	Avoidant attachment	uncomfortable getting close, trust problems, can't depend on partner, don't want to get close	26
4815957550	Anxious/Ambivalent attachment	can't get others to be close, partner doesn't love me, scare people away	27
4815960814	Attitudes	positive or negative evaluations of object of though (groups, issues, people..)	28
4815964081	Cognitive attitude	attitude made up of BELIEFS people hold about the object of an attitude (beliefs, ideas)	29
4815970352	Affective attitude	consists of EMOTIONAL feelings stimulated by an object of thought (emotions, feelings)	30
4815975480	Behavioral attitude	consists of PREDISPOSITIONS TO ACT in certain ways toward an attitude object	31
4815999371	Explicit attitudes	conscious beliefs that can guide decisions and behavior.	32
4816002917	Implicit attitudes	unconscious beliefs that can still influence decisions and behavior	33
4816026634	Leon Festinger	created dissonance theory	34
4816028378	Observational learning	attitudes influenced by parents, media, teachers, friends, ect.	35
4816031224	Classical conditioning	Learning by association	36
4816033487	Operant conditioning	reinforcements and punishments. openly expressing attitude can call for positive of negative responses	37
4816035815	Evaluative conditioning	effort to transfer emotion attached to an unconditioned stimulus to a new conditioned stimulus. ASSOCIATION BY EMOTION	38
4816042704	Dissonance Theory	assumes that inconsistency among attitudes propels people in the direction of attitude change.	39
4816045338	Cognitive dissonance	when related cognition are inconsistent- when they contradict eachother (person feels bad)	40
4816050858	Effort justification	people's tendency to attribute a greater value (greater than the objective value) to an outcome they had to put effort into acquiring or achieving.	41
4816056664	Decrease	people want to ___ dissonance by reducing cognitions	42
4816060969	High dissonance	Believing your own lie is an example of	43
4816064400	Festinger	who was the psychologist who had participants engage in a boring knob turning experiment in which those who were paid the least expressed the most positive attitude (high dissonance, believing your own lie)	44
4816069662	Central route to persuasion	people carefully ponder content and logic of messages	45
4816071198	Peripheral route to persuasion	persuasion depends on non message factors such as attractiveness, credibility of source, or conditioned emotional responses.	46
4817950790	Conformity	Occurs when people yield to real or imagined social pressures	47
4817956352	Asch	Who created the line test for conformity?	48
4817957763	Normative influence	operates when people conform to social norms for fear of negative social consequences. BEING LIKED	49
4817961760	Informational influence	operates when people look to others for guidance about how to behave in ambiguous situations BEING RIGHT	50
4817968890	Obediance	a form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority	51
4817974581	Milgrams studies	Created (unethical?) shock test to measure obedience. 65% of people obeyed the experimenter	52
4817980739	Zimbardo	Created Stanford prison experiment	53
4817984578	Social roles	widely shared expectations about how people in certain positions are supposed to behave. Stanford prison experiment demonstrated this	54
4817992107	Foot in door	involves getting people to agree to small requests to increase chances that they will agree to a larger request later	55
4817996959	Reciprocity norm	we should pay back in kind what we receive from others	56
4818002385	Lowball technique	involves getting someone to commit to an attractive proposition before its hidden costs are revealed	57
4818006153	Scarcity	threatens your freedom to choose a product, thus creating an increased desire for the scarce commodity	58
4818011949	Door in face	making large request that is likely to be turned down as a way to increase the chances people will agree to a smaller request later	59
4818020198	Group	consists of two or more individuals who interact and are independent	60
4818023925	Bystander effect	people are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups than when they are alone	61
4818026994	Diffusion of responsibility	someone else will help	62
4818029382	Social loafing	reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups as compared to when they work by themselves -Less likely in collectivist cultures	63
4818036402	Group polarization	occurs when group discussion strengthens a groups dominant POV and produces a shift toward a more extreme decision in that direction	64
4818042336	Groupthink	occurs when a members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a decision	65
4818050595	Group cohesiveness	strength of the relationships linking group members to eachother and to the group itself TEAM SPIRIT	66
4818059423	Empiricism	Psychologist put their faith in ____	67
4818071778	False	People see members of their ingroup as being more alike than members of their outgroup	68
4818074185	Prejudice	negative ATTITUDE held toward members of a group.	69
4818075447	Discrimination	BEHAVING differently, usually unfairly, toward the members of a group	70
4818089131	Operant conditioning	if prejudice is praised then it will be strengthened by	71
4818093352	Realistic group conflict theory	when intergroup hostility and prejudice are natural outgrowth of competition	72
4818100885	Social identity perspective	Self esteem depends on one's personal and social identity	73
4818104870	Social identity	refers to pride individuals derive from their membership in various groups	74
4819721458	Social facilitation	presence of others can improve a persons performance	75
4819722619	Self handicapping	making an excuse will justify the outcome before an event occurs	76
4819726772	Self fulfilling prophecy	an initial impression leads person to believe in accordance with that impression	77
4819728321	Spotlight effect	self focused perspective. We assume more people notice and evaluate us	78
4819732613	Confirmation Bias	tendency to seek info that only supports your beliefs/views	79
4819767730	Social psychology	the branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others	80
4819772674	Person Perception	involves forming impressions of others	81
4819775722	Sterotypes	widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines	82
4819794940	Self concept	ones perception of who one is	83
4819796026	Self esteem	how valuable one feels oneself to be	84
4819798268	Social Comparison	comparing ourselves to those around us as a way of judging or evaluating ourselves	85
4819803039	Reference Group	people we use as a comparison to ourselves and with whom we identify most strongly	86
4819808460	Relative deprivation	being denied access to wheat we feel we are entitled to have	87
4819811477	Temporal comparisons	using our past experiences to judge and evaluate ourselves in the current moment	88
4819814921	Self schemas	mental frameworks or blueprints that people have about themselves	89
4819818519	Unrealistic optimism	the belief that favorable events are more likely to occur to you than other people	90
4819821998	A-B problem	when one's attitudes do not necessarily predict future behavior	91
4819827892	Social norms	implicit or explicit rules that guide daily behavior and are based on societal expactancies	92
4819829997	Compliance	changing behavior due to direct request	93
4819832324	Reciprocity	responding to a behavior with the same behavior	94
4819833585	Confederates	subjects unknown to the actual participants in an experiment in an experiment assigned by he researcher to influence the experiment	95
4819843088	Aggression	any act that is intended to cause harm to another	96
4819845055	Altruism	a genuine concern for the safety and well being of another	97
4819849128	Arousal cost reward theory	weighing several options in order to reduce the unpleasant feeling associated with seeing a person in distress	98
4819852890	Reciprocal altruism	assisting another person with the expectation that that person will repay the deed in the future	99
4821857607	Competition	pursuit of a desired outcome while refuting that same outcome to others	100
4821869676	Social inhibition	performance decreases in the presence of others for fear of being embarrassed	101
4821874603	Deindividuation	lowered sense of self identity due to anonymity produced by being in a large crowd	102