AP US History Period 2 (1607-1754) Flashcards

8977371204	Maryland	Which colony was established religious goals similar to Pennsylvania?	0
8357011995	disenfranchise	To take away the right to vote.	1
8980040618	proprietary colonies	Which term best describes colonies such as Pennsylvania and Maryland that were granted to a group by the English monarchy and given the right to self-government?	2
8357011994	headright	The right to acquire a certain amount of land granted to the person who finances the passage of a laborer.	3
8963185926	(1) reduced migration (2) the need for cheap labor (3) need for a stable workforce	Why did slavery become increasingly important (3 reasons)?	4
8357011998	middle passage	That portion of a slave ship's journey in which slaves were carried from Africa to the Americas.	5
8980055926	Elementary education was offered to both male and female children. Towns over 50 families were required to support an elementary school.	Compared to the Southern colonies, why was there a higher literacy rate in New England?	6
8357012000	militia	An armed force of citizens called out only in emergencies.	7
8986288290	(1) Africans were better able to withstand disease (2) some former indentured servants caused problems (Bacon's rebellion) and they were owed land at the end of the contract (3) slaves were more expensive upfront but cheaper in the long-term (due to hereditary factor)	Three reasons American colonists began using African slaves were	8
8357012001	hierarchy	A social group arranged in ranks or classes.	9
8977344280	Englightenment	In William Penn's "Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges," the stated principles were clearly influenced by the _______.	10
8357012002	corporation	A group or institution granted legal rights to carry on certain specified activities.	11
8986336293	the colony was to serve as an example of Christian virtue and charity	Why did John Winthrop refer to Massachusetts Colony as "a city upon a hill"?	12
8357012005	sect	A small religious group that has broken away from some larger mainstream church.	13
8986352558	It protected Catholic rights in Maryland from the influx of Protestant colonists.	What was the major purpose of the Toleration Act of 1649?	14
8357012015	secular	Belonging to the worldly sphere rather than to the specifically sacred or churchly.	15
8986360654	tobacco, rice, and indigo	What were the major staple crops of southern colonies during the late 17th century?	16
8986375279	religious freedom requires a separation of church and state	Roger William's view of "liberty of conscience" was	17
8977324187	It allowed a way for poor people to seek opportunity in America.	How did the system of indentured servitude help the people of Europe?	18
8357012016	indentured servants	A person under contract to work for another person for a definite period of time, usually without pay but in exchange for free passage to a new country. During the seventeenth century most of the white laborers in Maryland and Virginia came from England as indentured servants.	19
8986400053	Hutchinson openly promoted the idea of an individual personal relationship with God without the guidance of church leaders.	What ideas caused division between Anne Hutchinson and the Puritan church?	20
8977315275	economic profit	What were the primary motives of those who established the colony of Virginia?	21
8986409622	wheat, oats, and barley	What were the primary staple crops in the middle colonies?	22
8986416856	indentured servants	The majority of colonists who migrated to Maryland and Virginia during the 17th century were ____.	23
8963112997	mercantilism	One of England's top goals for North American colonies was integrating them into a coherent imperial structure based on _______.	24
8986426104	New England soil and growing season didn't permit the growth of large quantities of cash crops.	Regarding agriculture, a major difference between the New England and southern colonies was that	25
8357012017	Puritan	A member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship.	26
8977303445	sharp economic class differences	Bacon's Rebellion highlighted the long-lasting dispute over ______.	27
8357012019	Town Meetings	Originated in New England - town meetings at which normal citizens can participate in making decisions related to politics, government, current events, etc. Noted as one of the first instances of democracy in America.	28
8986462009	Virginia's House of Burgesses	Which governing body fits the following characteristics? representatives voted on by land-owning males; all laws passed could be vetoed by the governor; it's power was restricted when the colony changed from joint-stock to royal	29
8986441840	the Tidewater region that was adjacent to the Chesapeake Bay	Where were the wealthiest Virginian plantations located?	30
8963162568	England's Acts of Trade and Navigation	What act refers to the following? (1) trade in and out of the colonies could only be carried on English or colonial-built ships (2) all goods imported to the colonies, except perishables, had to pass through ports in England (3) certain goods such as tobacco could only be exported to England	31
8977283902	Christians should be able to practice their faith without fear of persecution.	What attitude did writers of the Act of Toleration have towards religion?	32
8357012020	Metacome's War (King Phillip's War)	An armed conflict between Native American inhabitants of present-day New England and English colonists and their Native American allies in 1675-78. King Phillip (Metacomet) reacted against European encroachment onto the Wampanoag territory, was defeated and humiliated by colonists, forced him to sign a new peace agreement that included the surrender of Indian guns.	33
8986474594	John Peter Zenger trial	Which trial is most associated with the First Amendment's idea of freedom of the press?	34
8977431582	average Virginians were unable to earn enough income from their tobacco crops	Aside from conflicts with American Indians, what was an underlying cause of Bacon's Rebellion?	35
8357012021	Pueblo Revolt	1680 - An uprising of most of the indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, present day New Mexico. The Pueblo Revolt killed 400 Spanish and drove the remaining 2,000 settlers out of the province.	36
8986507267	to profit economically	Settlers who established the British colony in Virginia during the 17th century were primarily seeking ______.	37
8357012023	Great Awakening	An evangelical and revitalization movement that swept Protestant Europe and British America, and especially the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s	38
8986515571	granted religious freedom to all Christians who accepted the Trinity	What did the 1649 Maryland Toleration Act do?	39
8977355862	Pennsylvania became one of England's most diverse North American colonies.	How did the principles in William Penn's "Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges," affect the demographic makeup of Pennsylvania?	40
8986750805	the state was an improper and ineffectual agency in matters of the spirit	Liberty of conscience was defended by Roger Williams on the ground that	41
8357012024	Enlightenment	The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of authority andlegitimacy. Advanced ideals such as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional governmentand ending the perceived abuses of the church and state.	42
8986768640	Massachusetts	Which colony required each community of 50 or more families to provide a teacher of reading and writing?	43
8977419000	the colonial governor -- Berkeley	Who became a target of Bacon's Rebellion?	44
8986795167	They tolerated no one whose expressed religious views varied from their own views.	In the 17th century, what was the Puritan attitude toward religious liberty?	45
8977273719	Catholics	Which religious group wrote Maryland's Act of Toleration?	46
8986814170	royal colonies	In the 18th century, colonial Virginia and colonial Massachusetts were most alike in that both were	47
8977261702	a strict, religiously intolerant society	What did John Winthrop's vision of a "City Upon a Hill" result in?	48
8357012025	Anglicization	The act of making something English in either form or character.	49
8986850229	mercantilism	What was the prevailing economic philosophy of the 1600s? It was founded on the belief that the world's wealth was limited and, therefore, that one nation's gain was another nation's loss. Colonies were to serve the ruling country by providing raw materials and purchasing manufactured goods instead of creating their own.	50
8963363044	greater independence and diversity of thought	Whitefield's preaching contributed most directly to ______.	51
8357012027	Mercantilism	An enconomic theory that promoted governmental regulation of a nation's economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers. (Think: the economic counterpart of political absolutism)	52
8977253941	mixed	What type of economy did Massachusetts have?	53
8357012028	Separatists	People who believed the Church of England retained too many traces of its Catholic origin and thus, could not be made holy again. Those who formally left the established state church.	54
8357012029	Congregationalism	A system of organization among Christian churches whereby individual local churches are largely self-governing.	55
8964684309	slavery was more stable and displaced the labor of indentured servants	What happened to Virginia using indentured servants for labor?	56
8357012030	John Winthrop	Puritan leader credited with the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony	57
8357012031	Quaker	Christians basing their message on the religious belief that "Christ has come to teach his people himself", stressing the importance of a direct relationship with God through Jesus Christ, and a direct religious belief in the universal priesthood of all believers.	58
8964647414	They were intolerant of people who expressed views different from their own.	What was the attitude of 17th century Puritans toward religious liberty?	59
8963394834	the expansion of Protestant evangelism	Whitefield's preaching in the 1700s is an example of ________.	60
8357012032	pacifist	One who holds the belief that war and violence are unjustifiable.	61
8357012033	Virginia	The first colony of the original thirteen. The birthplace of both presidents and future generals, but also the birthplace of African slavery in English America. This company eventually went bankrupt and was salvaged by becoming a royal colony with a royal governor, William Berkeley, in 1642.	62
8980022714	Pennsylvania	Which colony used pamphlets to recruit people, supported upholding land treaties with the American Indians, and didn't require taxes to fund a state-held church?	63
8357012034	House of Burgesses	Frist representative assembly in the Western Hemisphere, established in Jamestown to protect the property and other rights of Englishmen.	64
8357012035	Plymouth Colony	A short-lived but symbolically important colony founded in 1620 at Cape Cod by Separatists and other more secularly-minded colonists. There, 100 surviving colonists signed the Mayflower Compact to increase obligation to stand together. This colony was eventually absorbed by its much larger neighbor, the Massachusetts Bay Colony. William Bradford, the long-term governor of the colony, recorded this history in Of Plymouth Plantation.	65
8979726855	England	Initially (in the early 1600s), the primary market for tobacco was ______.	66
8964555869	spread of the Great Awakening	What impacted attitudes towards traditional authority (similar to the effect of the Zenger case)?	67
8977410318	conflicts with American Indians	Participants in Bacon's Rebellion felt most directly threatened by ______.	68
8357012036	Mayflower Compact	Considered the first written constitution of the English-speaking world. Signed by members of the Plymouth colony upon arrival to the New World.	69
8357012037	Massachusetts Bay Colony	A Puritan Colony founded by the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1629. Made up of Puritans coming to America during the Great Migration.	70
8963992369	urban residents	In the Zenger case, which segment of society (rural or urban) would most strongly support Zenger's position on the press?	71
8979748921	a royal colony	After Virginia failed as a joint-stock colony, what did it become?	72
8357012038	Anne Hutchinson	A Bostonian who taught doctrines the Puritans believed to be heretical in her home with several men, even ministers, in attendance. For these acts, she was put on trial for heresay and was banished from Massachusetts.	73
8357012039	Roger Williams	A Puritan minister; one of the first colonists ot advocate the separation of church and state.	74
8357012040	Maryland	Founded by George Calvert, the Lord Baltimore, as a refuge for Roman Catholics facing persecution from Anglican Church.	75
8979772705	British rule in the colonies	By 1750, a growing number of colonists increasingly were upset over __________.	76
8963784602	the colonial press became more willing to criticize the British	What was a long-term effect of the jury's decision in the Zenger case?	77
8357012041	John Locke	Political philosopher that theorized governments were instituted among men for the preservation of life, liberty and property and that they should employ balance of powers. Wrote the Constitution for the Carolina colony as secretary to one of its eight proprietors.	78
8357012042	William Penn	Founder of the Quaker colony Pennsylvania.	79
8979849522	the truth couldn't be libel	John Peter Zenger won acquittal on the grounds that ______.	80
8357012044	Cash-Crop Economy	An economic system based on the exportation of certain crops such as sugar, cotton, and coffee.	81
8963777022	true	In the Zenger case, the accused argued a printed statement could NOT be libel if it was _______.	82
8357012045	First Great Awakening	A revival of the Christian Religion as an act of God through the Holy Spirit. The first unifying event int he history of colonial America.	83
8357012046	Jonathan Edwards	Preacher from Northampton, Massachusetts, that spread the First Great Awakening through famous sermons, notably "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."	84
8986853929	mercantilism	Colonies were to serve the ruling country by providing raw materials and purchasing manufactured goods instead of creating their own. What was this economic theory?	85
8979911318	politics	John Locke's writings had the most direct influence on the American Revolution. What were most of his writings about?	86
8979920781	slave owners	What group of colonials would have disliked John Locke's writings the most?	87
8979990385	introducing a type of tobacco that would sell in Europe -it was the colony's first staple crop	What was John Rolfe's main contribution to the Jamestown settlement?	88
8986864934	John Smith	Whose harsh, charismatic leadership saved Jamestown?	89
8357012047	domestic	Concerning the internal affairs of a country.	90
8986885322	headright	The __________ system promised colonists parcels of land (about 50 acres) if they came to America. It also gave nearly 50 acres for each servant that a colonist brought. This is how the wealthy obtained large tracts of land.	91
8979971995	indentured servants, slaves	One direct result of Bacon's Rebellion was that Southern labor moved away from _________ and began to rely on ________.	92
8963530424	(1) increased emotionalism in church services (2) a belief that common people could make their own decisions (3) a decline in the authority of Protestant ministers	List three consequences of the Great Awakening.	93
8977390802	Some Virginians felt that the men involved in Bacon's Rebellion were frustrated and took action because the government refused to help them.	Why did some people in Virginia have a more understanding view of Bacon's Rebellion?	94
8986908783	Navigation Acts	The ____________ dictated that certain goods shipped from a New World port were to go only to Britain or to another New World port. This caused tension between Britain and the colonies.	95
8979983723	Massachusetts Bay didn't suffer from the same hardships as Jamestown during its first years.	In what way did the Jamestown Colony and the Massachusetts Bay Colony differ greatly?	96
8986926998	Fundamental Orders	Thomas Hooker led a large group of Puritans to Connecticut and formed a set a laws known as the __________, which provided for representative government by those who were permitted to vote.	97
8986936707	slave codes	What term refers to a series of laws limiting slave rights?	98
8986950250	John Locke	Which English philosopher asserted that if governments did not protect life, liberty, and property--then their people had the right to overthrow them.	99
8986967838	Triangular trade	What was created as the result of mercantilism? It involved the middle passage (from West Africa), goods being traded in the Caribbean, North America, and Europe.	100
8987146319	Pueblo Indians grew resentful of Spanish rule and they killed more than 300 Spaniards	What happened during the Pueblo Revolt?	101
8987195127	(1) believed human religious institutions were largely unnecessary. (2) Thought they could receive revelations directly from God. (3) They were pacifists. (4) They opposed slavery and favored decent treatment of American Indians.	Describe the Quaker faith.	102
8987216094	a relationship in which Britain somewhat ignored the colonies--allowing them to develop their own character without interference	What was salutary neglect?	103
8987232970	(1) James Oglethorpe, an English philanthropist, chartered the colony (2) the colony served as a "buffer zone" between Spanish-held Florida and the rich plantations of South Carolina (3) some prisoners from British jails were resettled in Georgia	How did the colony of Georgia develop?	104
8987648247	(1) a series of emotional religious revivals that occurred throughout the colonies (2) George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards became the most dynamic preachers (3) it helped build connections between the colonies	What was the First Great Awakening?	105
8987665163	It was the North American portion of the Seven Years War between France and England. The Treaty of Paris ended the war.	What was the French and Indian War?	106
8987676524	Enlightenment philosophy suggested the importance of individual talent over inherited privilege. It influenced culture and intellectualism in the colonies.	What was the Enlightenment?	107