AP US History Period 6 (1865-1914) Flashcards

6130126415	People's (Populist) Party	An agrarian-populist political party in the United States. For a few years, 1892-96, it played a major role as a left-wing force in American politics. Drew support from angry farmers in the West and South and operated on the left-wing of American politics. Highly critical of capitalism, especially banks and railroads. Allied itself with the labor movement.	0
6130126416	assimilation	the process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group	1
6130126417	The Gilded Age	The late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900. Term derived from writer Mark Twain's 1873 The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today, which satirized an era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold gilding of economic progress.	2
6130126418	Social Darwinism	Term coined in the late 19th century to describe the idea that humans, like animals and plants, compete in a struggle for existence in which natural selection results in "survival of the fittest." Provided a justification for the enormous wealth and power wielded by industrialists in the latter half of the 19th century.	3
6130126419	Gospel of Wealth	An essay written by Andrew Carnegie in June of 1889 that describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich.	4
6130126420	Jane Addams	A pioneer American settlement activist/reformer, social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace. She created the first Hull House. Co-winner of 1931 Nobel Peace Prize.	5
6130126421	Plessy v. Ferguson	1896 - Legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal."	6
6130126422	racial segregation	the separation of humans into ethnic or racial groups in daily life. Generally applies to activities such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, using a public toilet, attending school, going to the movies, riding on a bus, or in the rental or purchase of a home.	7
6130126424	trust	A set of companies managed by a small group known as trustees, who can prevent companies in the trust from competing with each other.	8
6130126425	socialist	one who believes in the ownership and control of the major means of production by the whole community rather than by individuals or corporations	9
6130126426	radical	one who believes in fundamental change in a political, economic, or social system	10
6130126427	anarchist	one who believes that formal, coercive government is wrong in principle	11
6130126428	tenement	a multi-dwelling building, often poor or overcrowded	12
6130126429	prohibition	forbidding by law the manufacture, sale, or consumption of liquor	13
6130126432	lobbyist	someone who promotes an interest or cause before a political body, often for pay	14
6130126435	Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)	Legalized racial segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal."	15
6130126436	Land Grants	land given by government to universities and railroad companies	16
6130126437	Dawes Act	land given to individual Indians to discourage tribal mindset; encouraged Indians to farm for a living instead of communally owning land	17
6130126439	Open Range	the idea that cattle can be grazed on large tracts of public and/or private property; invention of barbed wire ended this idea and drove many small cattle ranches out of business and off their small plots of land	18
6130126440	Vertical Integration	Strategy to maximize profits by attempting to own every step of the manufacturing process (ex. Carnegie Steel)	19
6130126441	Horizontal Integration	Strategy to maximize profits by attempting to purchase competing companies in the same industry; monopoly-building (ex. Rockefeller's Standard Oil)	20
6130126442	Knights of Labor	American labor organization in the 1880s led by Terence V. Powderly. Organized a wide range of workers, including skilled and unskilled, and had broad reform goals.	21
6130126443	Haymarket Riot	Labor dispute in Chicago that ended with a bomb being thrown at police resulting in many deaths. Led to an unfavorable public opinion of organized labor.	22
6130126444	American Federation of Labor	An organization of various trade unions that fought for specific reforms (as opposed to broad changes supported by the Knights of Labor).	23
6130126445	Homestead and Pullman Strikes	Industrial lockouts and strikes that showed battle between corporations and labor unions. Ended with government intervention on the side of big business.	24
6130126446	Urbanization	movement of people from rural communities and settlements to big cities	25
6130126447	"New Immigrants"	immigrants from southern and eastern Europe such as Poland, Italy, etc. that arrived in the US in the latter half of the 19th century	26
6130126448	Chinese Exclusion Act	First law limiting immigration based on race; effectively stopped immigration from China through the end of WWII.	27
6130126449	Political Machine	Unofficial political organization that works to win elections in order to exercise power; sometimes referred to as a shadow government; rose to power in the late 1800s because of ill-equipped local governments that failed to meet the needs of growing urban populations	28
6130126450	Tammany Hall	Political machine of New York City that was well-known for its corruption; lead by William Boss Tweed	29
6130126453	Grange Movement and Farmers Alliance	Grassroots movements that attempted to address the plight of farmers in the late 1800s; attempted to regulate railroads and enlarge opportunity for credit; evolved into Populist movement.	30
6130126454	William Jennings Bryan	Democratic presidential hopeful that was a member of the Populist Party; free silver advocate; "Do not crucify mankind on a cross of gold".	31
6130126457	New South	After the Civil War, southerners promoted a new vision for a self-sufficient southern economy built on modern capitalist values, industrial growth, and improved transportation. In reality, this growth was fairly slow.	32
6130126458	Americanization	Process of assimilating immigrants into American culture by teaching English, American history, and citizenship.	33
6130126459	middle class	a social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers	34
6130126461	Andrew Carnegie	A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry.	35
6130126462	transcontinental railroads	a railroad that would cross the continent and connect the East to the West; opened new markets and helped spur the Industrial Revolution	36
6130126463	Social Gospel	Late 19th-century movement Protestant movement preaching that all true Christians should be concerned with the plight of immigrants and other poor residents of American cities and should financially support efforts to improve lives of these poor urban dwellers. Settlement houses were often financed by funds raised by ministers of this movement.	37
6130126464	Standard Oil	John D. Rockefeller's company that gained a monopoly over the world petroleum market with the practice of trusts and swift elimination of competition.	38
6130126465	Carnegie Steel	A steel producing company created by Andrew Carnegie to manage business at his steel mills in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area in the late 19th century. Significance: had a monopoly in the steel industry. vertical integrations.	39
6130126466	John D. Rockefeller	Wealthy owner of Standard Oil Company. Considered to be a robber baron who used ruthless tactics to eliminate other businesses. Built trusts and used money to influence government.	40
6130126467	Industrial Revolution	Period characterized by the rapid social and economic changes in manufacturing and agriculture that occurred in England during the late 18th century and rapidly diffused to other parts of the developed world. In the US, this occurred during the period roughly 1825-1925.	41