AMSCO AP US History Chapter 18 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 18 The Growth of Cities and American Culture, 1865-1900

5991664258	old immigrants	Through the 1880s, they came to the United States from northern and western Europe. They were mostly Protestant and had a high-level of literacy.	0
5991664259	new immigrants	From the 1890s to 1914, they came to the United States from southern and eastern Europe. Mostly non-Protestant, poor and illiterate.	1
5991664260	Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882	It was the first bill regarding immigration. It placed a ban on all new immigrants from China.	2
5991664261	Immigration Act of 1882	In 1882, this act placed restrictions on the immigration of undesirable persons, such as paupers, criminals, convicts, and mentally incompetent.	3
5991664262	Alien Contract Labor Act of 1885	Restricted the immigration of temporary workers, to protect American workers.	4
5991664263	Ellis Island	An immigration center opened in 1892 in New York Harbor.	5
5991664264	melting pot vs. cultural diversity	The historian's term, melting pot, refers to immigrants leaving their old-world characteristics and adopting the United States characteristics. Other historians argue that first-generation immigrants maintained their cultural identity and only the second and third generations were assimilated in the U.S. society.	6
5991664265	political machines, boss	Political parties in major cities came under the control of tightly organized groups of politicians, known as political machines. Each machine had its boss, the top politician who gave orders and doled out government jobs.	7
5991664266	Tammany Hall	A political machine in New York City, which developed into a power center.	8
5991664267	Jane Addams	In 1889, she started Hull House in Chicago, which was a settlement house which provide help to immigrants.	9
5991664268	settlement houses	They provide social services to new immigrants.	10
5991664269	Dwight Moody	He founded Moody Bible Institute, in 1889. It helped generations of urban evangelists to adapt traditional Christianity to city life.	11
5991664270	Salvation Army	Imported from England in 1879, this charity provided the basic necessities of life for the homeless and the poor while also preaching Christian Gospel.	12
5991664271	Susan B. Anthony	One of the founders of the National American Womens Suffrage Association or NAWSA (1890), which worked to secure voting rights for women.	13
5991664272	Francis Willard, WCTU	Leader of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) which advocated total abstinence from alcohol.	14
5991664273	Antisaloon League	In 1893, this organization became a powerful political force and by 1916 had persuaded twenty one states to close down all saloons and bars.	15
5991664274	Clarence Darrow	A famous lawyer, he argued that criminal behavior could be caused by an environment of poverty, neglect, and abuse.	16
5991664275	W.E.B. Du Bois	A leading black intellectual, he advocated for equality for blacks, integrated schools, and equal access to higher education.	17
5991664276	Mark Twain	The first great realist author, he is famous for his classic "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn".	18
5991664277	Frank Lloyd Wright	The most famous architect of the 20th century, he developed an organic style that made his buildings fit in with their natural surroundings.	19
5991664278	jazz, blues, ragtime	A form of music that combined African rhythms and western-style instruments and mixed improvisation with a structured band format.	20
5991664279	Joseph Pulitzer	He established the first newspaper to exceed over one million in circulation by filling it with sensational stories of crime and disaster.	21