AP US History Period 4 Flashcards

6597846261	Federalist	political party created in the 1790s led by Alexander Hamilton, favored a stronger national government - Supported primarily by the bankers and moneyed interests	0
6597846262	Democratic-Republicans	Political party created in the 1790's - led by Thomas Jefferson - favored limited government and state rights - supported primarily by the "Common man"	1
6597846263	Election of 1800	aka Revolution of 1800- election that led to a peaceful transfer of power from the Federalist party to the Democratic Republican Party	2
6597846265	Era of Good Feelings	the decline of the Federalist Party and the end of the war of 1812 gave rise to a time of political cooperation - associated with the presidency of James Monroe	3
6597846266	Democrats	political party that brought Andrew Jackson into office in 1829 - supported Jeffersonian ideas of limited government, drawing its support from the "common Man"	4
6597846267	Whig Party	Political Party created in 1834 as a coalition of anti-Jackson political leaders and dedicated to internal improvements funded by the national government	5
6597846268	Andrew Jackson	Leader of the Democrats who became the seventh president of the US (1829-1837), known for his opposition to the 2nd Bank of the US, the Indian Removal Act, and opposition to nullification	6
6597846269	Henry Clay	Leader of the Whig Party who proposed an "American System" to make the United States economically self-sufficient - worked to keep the Union together through political compromise	7
6597846270	South Carolina Nullification Crisis, 1832-1833	After South Carolina declared the federal tariff null and void, President Jackson obtained a Force Bill to use military actions against South Carolina - ended with a compromise to lower tariffs over an extended time	8
6597846271	John C. Calhoun	South Carolina political leader who defended slavery as a positive good and advocated the doctrine of nullification, a policy in which state could nullify federal law	9
6597846273	John Marshall	Appointed to the Supreme Court by John Adams in 1801- served as a chief justice until 1835 - legal decisions gave the Supreme Court more power, strengthened the federal government, and protecting private property	10
6597846275	Marbury v. Madison 1803	Supreme Court that declared a section of Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional and established the principle of judicial review	11
6597846276	Judicial Review	The power of the Supreme Court to review the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress	12
6597846277	McCulloch v. Maryland 1819	Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of the BUS - Maryland did not have the right to tax the federal bank and John Marshall wrote, "The power to tax is the power to destroy."	13
6597846278	Gibbons v. Ogden 1824	Supreme Court decision stating that the authority of Congress is absolute in matters of interstate commerce	14
6597846283	Debates over the tariff and internal improvements	Northerners generally favored higher tariffs and internal improvements at federal expense while Southerners generally opposed higher tariffs and internal improvements at federal expense	15
6597846284	Second Bank of the United States 1816	Privately owned bank that operated as both a commercial and fiscal agent for the US government - established in 1816 under a charter that was supposed to last 20 years	16
6597846286	Tariff of Abominations 1828	tariff with such high rates that it set off tension between northerners and southerners over tariff issues	17
6597846288	Southern Defense of Slavery	southerners held a widespread belief that blacks were inferior to whites and that the slavery was good for black - also understood that the southern cotton economy was dependent on slave labor	18
6597846289	Slave Codes	Laws that established the status of slaves denying them basic rights and classifying them as the property of slaveholders	19
6597846290	Second Great Awakening	an upsurge in religious activity that began around 1800 and was characterized by emotional revival meetings - led to several reform movements designed to make a life better in this world	20
6597846292	Seneca Falls Convention 1848	the first convention in America for women right's held in NY	21
6597846293	Elizabeth Cady Stanton	Advocate of women right's, including the right to vote -organized (with Lucretia Mott) the first women's rights convention at Seneca Falls, NY	22
6597846294	Dorothea Dix	Pioneer in the moment for special treatment for the mentally ill	23
6597846298	William Lloyd Garrison	Radical abolitionist in Massachusetts who published the liberator, an antislavery newspaper	24
6597846299	Sojourner Truth	Former Slave (freed in 1827) who became a leading abolitionist and feminist	25
6597846309	Lowell system	method of factory management that evolved in the textile mills of Lowell, MA, - owned by the Boston Manufacturing Company and named in honor of the company's founder, Francis Lowell - first example of a planned automated factory	26
6597846310	Interchangeable parts	Parts that were identical and which could be substituted for one another - developed by Eli Whitney for the manufacturing of muskets	27
6597846311	Erie Canal 1817-1825	350 mile canal built by the state of NY that stretched from Buffalo to Albany, the canal revolutionized shipping in NY	28
6597846313	National Road 1811	aka Cumberland Road- First significant road built in the US at the expense of the federal government - stretched from the Potomac River to the Ohio River	29
6597846315	Cult of Domesticity	the belief that a woman's proper role in life was found in Domestic pursuits (raising children, taking care of the house)	30
6597846317	Louisiana Purchase 1803	U.S. purchased the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, doubling the size of the U.S. and giving the U.S. full control of the Mississippi River	31
6597846318	Lewis and Clark expedition 1804-1806	Expedition to explore the Louisiana Territory led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark	32
6597846320	War of 1812	1812-1815, War between the U.S. and Great Britain caused primarily by the British violation of American neutral rights on the high seas. - ended with an agreement of "status quo ante" (a return to how things were before the war)	33
6597846322	Monroe Doctrine 1823	President Monroe's unilateral declaration that the Americas would be closed to further European colonization stated the U.S. would not allow European interference in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere	34
6597846324	Manifest Destiny	Belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across the North American continent	35
6597846326	Indian Removal Act, 1830	Law that provided for the removal of all Indian tribes east of the Mississippi and the purchase of Indian lands for resettlement	36
6597846328	Trail of Tears 1838	Forced march of the Cherokee people from Georgia to Indian Territory in the winter	37
6597846329	Seminole Wars 1814-1819, 1835-1842	The Seminole of Florida opposed removal and resisted US troops	38
6597846330	Missouri Compromise 1820	Law proposed by Henry Clay admitting Missouri to the U.S. as a slave state and Maine as a free state	39
6597846331	American Anti-Slavery Society	Abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison - included Frederick Douglass as a significant leader of the society	40