AP US History chapter 10 Flashcards

5550022279	franchise	The right to vote	0
5550022280	notables	Wealthy, northern landlords, slave-owning planters and seaport merchants. Where able to dominate the political system in the new republic. "Those who own the country are the most fit persons to participate in the government of it.	1
5550022281	political machines	nick name of new political parties because they efficiently wove together the interests of diverse social and economic groups	2
5550022282	spoils system	The practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters	3
5550022283	caucus	A meeting of local party members to choose party officials or candidates for public office and to decide the platform.	4
5550022284	American System	Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy.	5
5550022285	internal improvements	This included the construction of better roads and canals. It was a part of Clay's American System	6
5550022286	corrupt bargain	A political scandal that arose when the Speaker of the House, Henry Clay, allegedly met with John Quincy Adams before the House election to break a deadlock. Adams was elected president against the popular vote and Clay was named Secretary of State.	7
5550022287	consolidated government	In 1824, Martin Van Buren likewise declared his allegiance to constitutional "doctrines of the Jefferson school" and his opposition to this idea of a powerful and potentially oppressive national administration. Now a member of the U.S. Senate, Van Buren helped to defeat most of Adams' proposed subsidies for roads and canals.	8
5550022288	Tariff of Abominations	1828 - Also called Tariff of 1828, it raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South; South said that the tariff was economically discriminatory and unconstitutional because it violated state's rights.	9
5550022289	nullification	a state attempting to declare federal laws unconsitutional if such laws were seen to overstep Congressional powers	10
5550022290	states' rights	the idea that a state convention could declare a law to be void within the state's border	11
5550022291	Second Bank of the United States	Congress had established the bank in 1816, giving it a 20 year charter, was privately managed and operated The purpose of the bank was to stabilize the nation's money supply. Went out of existence during Jackson's presidency.	12
5550022293	Trail of Tears	Forced westward journey of the Cherokees from land in Georgia to Oklahoma in 1838 under Jackson's Indian Removal Act on 1830. 3,000 died along the way.	13
5550022294	Indian Removal Act of 1830	Passed by Congress under the Jackson administration; this act removed all Indians east of the Mississippi to an "Indian Territory" where they would be "permanently" housed.	14
5550022295	laissez-faire	The principle that the less government does, the better, particularly in reference to the economy.	15
5550022296	Whigs	Second national party, against Jackson	16
5550022299	Mayor of New York v. Miln	State of New York could use its "police power" to inspect the health of arriving immigrants	17
5550022301	Panic of 1837	The second major economic crisis o the U. S. , 1837-1843 When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. A panic ensued (1837). Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress.	18
5550022303	ethnocultural politics	Refers to the fact that the political allegiance of many American voters was determined less by party policy than by their membership in a specific ethnic or religious group.	19
5550022304	Martin Van Buren	(1837-1841) Advocated lower tariffs and free trade, and by doing so maintained support of the south for the Democratic party. He succeeded in setting up a system of bonds for the national debt. 8th President	20
5554875786	Worcester v georgia	Supreme Court Decision - Cherokee Indians were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty - Jackson ignored it	21
5554904580	whigs	conservatives and popular with pro-Bank people and plantation owners. They mainly came from the National Republican Party, which was once largely Federalists. They took their name from the British political party that had opposed King George during the American Revolution. Their policies included support of industry, protective tariffs, and Clay's American System. They were generally upper class in origin. Included Clay and Webster	22
5554917434	working men party	Rise of unions	23
5554923510	John tyler	10th President (1841-1845) His opinions on all the important issues had been forcefully stated, and he had only been chosen to balance the Whig ticket with no expectation he would ever have power. He was in favor of state's rights, and a strict interpretation of the constitution, he opposed protective tariffs, a national bank and internal improvements at national expense.	24
5554931001	2nd Great Awakening	Series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on methodism and baptism, stressed philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for protestants. Attracted women, African Americans,and Native Americans	25
5554934079	transcendentalism	A philosophy pioneered by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the 1830's and 1840's, in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches. It incorporated the ideas that mind goes beyond matter, intuition is valuable, that each soul is part of the Great Spirit, and each person is part of a reality where only the invisible is truly real. Promoted individualism, self-reliance, and freedom from social constraints, and emphasized emotions.	26
5554950430	American Lyceum movement	social movement to spread education through lectures	27
5554959979	walden, civil disobedience	Henry David Thoreau,	28
5554968599	shakers	1770's by "Mother" Ann Lee; Utopian group that splintered from the Quakers; believed that they & all other churches had grown too interested in this world & neglectful of their afterlives; prohibited marriage and sexual relationships; practiced celibacy	29
5554971190	oneida	"Perfectionists"; John Humphrey Noyes; rejected traditional notions of family & marriage	30
5554973036	book of mormon	Joseph Smith	31
5554976425	minstrel shows	Consisted of white actors in blackface. Consisted of comedy routines, dances, and instrumental solos. While today this is seen as racist, it does speak to the profound effect African American music had on American music	32
5554980046	Liberty party	A former political party in the United States; formed in 1839 to oppose the practice of slavery; merged with the Free Soil Party in 1848	33
5554982302	gag rule	1835 law passed by Southern congress which made it illegal to talk of abolition or anti-slavery arguments in Congress	34
5554985112	declaration of sentiments	declared that all "people are created equal"; used the Declaration of Independence to argue for women's rights	35
5554987979	underground railroad	A system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the North	36
5554989885	Seneca falls	(1848) the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written	37
5555035156	walt whitman	Leaves of Grass	38
5555038654	Margaret fuller	Woman in the Nineteenth Century, 1845	39
5555091771	brigham young	led the Mormons to Utah	40