AP US History Period 3, 1754-1800-Mahan Flashcards

5624355759	Seven Years' (French and Indian) War	fought between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies	0
5624355760	"No Taxation Without Representation."	a phrase, generally attributed to James Otis about 1761, that reflected the resentment of American colonists at being taxed by a British Parliament to which they elected no representatives and became an anti-British slogan before the American Revolution; in full, "Taxation without representation is tyranny.".	1
5624355761	Enlightenment	a philosophical movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe in the 18th century. The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of authority andlegitimacy, and came to advance ideals such as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional governmentand ending the perceived abuses of the church and state	2
5624355762	Benjamin Franklin	One of the founding fathers, famous for presence in the American Enlightenment. earned the title of "The First American" for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity, initially as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies.	3
5624355763	The Patriot Movement	Movement or push toward independence in the colonies. Those that supported colonial independence were referred to as "Patriots" while those that were loyal to the British crown were called "Loyalists."	4
5624355764	Colonial Militias	Groups of able-bodied colonialist men without proper military training that banded together to revolt against British tyrannny.	5
5624355765	The Continental Army	formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies, created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in their revolt against the rule of Great Britain. Commanded by General George Washington (Commander-in-Chief)	6
5624355766	George Washington	General, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. Later named the first President of the United States.	7
5624355767	Thomas Paine's Common Sense	Published in 1776. Pamphlet that challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. Used "Common Sense" and plain language to appeal to the average colonist. First work to ask for independence outright.	8
5624355768	The Declaration of Independence	the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting atPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies,[2] then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer under British rule.	9
5624355769	Republican Motherhood	Predominant conception of women's roles before, during and after the American Revolution: the "Republican Mother" was considered a custodian of civic virtue responsible for upholding the morality of her husband and children. Though this idea emphasized the separation of women's and men's roles, it did weight heavily the influence of the mother on the family and advocated for this influence to be taken seriously.	10
5624355770	Legislative Branch	The branch of government tasked with writing laws.	11
5624355771	Judicial Branch	The branch of government tasked with interpreting laws.	12
5624355772	Executive Branch	The branch of government tasked with enforcing laws.	13
5624355773	The Articles of Confederation	An agreement among all thirteen original states in the United States of America that served as its first constitution. Drafted by a committee appointed by the Second Continental Congress, ratified in late 1777. Later replaced by the Constitution of the United States of America.	14
5624355774	Constitutional Convention	took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although the Convention was intended to revise the Articles of Confederation, the intention from the outset of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, was to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington to preside over the Convention. The result of the Convention was the creation of the United States Constitution, placing the Convention among the most significant events in the history of the United States.	15
5624355775	Federalism	a system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government.	16
5624355776	Separation of Powers	Inspired by Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws, the idea of a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined abilities to check the powers of the other branches.	17
5624355777	The Federalist Papers	a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution.	18
5624355778	Alexander Hamilton	Founder of the Federalist Party, Co-author of The Federalist Papers, First Secretary of the Treasury	19
5624355779	James Madison	Co-Author of the Federalist Papers, hailed as "the Father of the Constitution," Fourth President of the United States	20
5624355780	Bill of Rights	the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. These amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people.	21
5624355782	National Identity	one's identity or sense of belonging to one state or to one nation. It is the sense of a nation as a cohesive whole, as represented by distinctive traditions, culture, language and politics.	22
5624355783	The Northwest Ordinance	created the Northwest Territory, the first organized territory of the United States, from lands beyond the Appalachian Mountains, between British North America and the Great Lakes to the north and the Ohio River to the south.established the precedent by which the Federal government would be sovereign and expand westward with the admission of new states, rather than with the expansion of existing states and their established sovereignty under the Articles of Confederation.	23
5624355784	French Revolution	a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond.	24
5624355785	Popular Sovereignty	the principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives (Rule by the People), who are the source of all political power.	25
5624355788	mercantilism	The economic theory that all parts of an economy should be coordinated for the good of the whole state; hence, that colonial economics should be subordinated for the benefit of an empire.	26
5624355806	isolationist	Concerning the belief that a country should take little or no part in foreign affairs, especially through alliances or wars.	27
5624355813	ratification	The confirmation or validation of an act (such as the constitution) by authoritative approval.	28
5624355820	bicameral	Referring to a legislative body with two houses	29