AP World History Stearns Chapter 24 Vocabulary Flashcards

6063217698	Mataram	Kingdom that controlled interior regions of Java in the 17th century; Dutch East India Co. paid tribute to the kingdom for the rights of trade at Batavia; weakness of kingdom after 1670s allowed Dutch to exert control over all of Java.	0
6063217699	Sepoys.	Troops that served the British East India Company; recruited from various warlike peoples of India.	1
6063217700	British Raj	British political establishment in India; developed as a result of the rivalry between France and Britain in India.	2
6063217701	Plassey	Battle in 1757 between troops of the British East India Company and an Indian army under Siraj ud-daula, ruler of Bengal; British victory resulted in control of northern India.	3
6063217702	Robert Clive	(1725-1774) Architect of British victory at Plassey in 1757; established foundations of British Raj in northern India (18th century).	4
6063217703	Presidencies	Three districts that made up the bulk of directly ruled British territories in India; capitals at Madras, Calcutta, and Bombay.	5
6063217704	Princely states	Domains of Indian princes allied with the British Raj; agents of East India Company were stationed at the rulers' courts to ensure compliance; made up over ⅓ od British Indian Empire.	6
6063217705	Nabobs	Name given to British representatives of the East India Company who went briefly to India to make fortunes through graft and exploitation.	7
6063217706	Charles Cornwallis	Reformer of the East India Company administration of India in the 1790s; reduced power of local British administration; checked widespread corruption.	8
6063217707	Ram Mohun Roy	Western educated India leader; cooperated with British to outlaw sati.	9
6063217708	Isandhlwana	Location of battle fought in 1879 between the British and Zulu armies in south Africa; resulted in defeat of the British; one of the few victories of African forces over Western Europeans.	10
6063217709	Tropical dependencies	The greater portion of the European empires consisting of Africa, Asia, and the south Pacific where small numbers of Europeans ruled large populations of large Western people.	11
6063217710	White Dominions	Colonies in which European settlers made up the overwhelming majority of the population; small numbers of native inhabitants were typically reduced by disease and wars of conquest; typical of British holdings in North America and Australia with growing independence in the 19th century.	12
6063217711	Settlement colonies	Areas, such as North America and Australia, that were both conquered by European invaders and settled by large numbers of European migrants who made the colonized areas their permanent home and dispersed and decimated the the indigenous inhabitants.	13
6063217712	White racial supremacy	Belief in the inherent mental, moral, and cultural superiority of whites; peaked in acceptance in decades before WWI; supported by social science doctrines of social Darwinists such as Herbert Spencer.	14
6063217713	Boer Republics	Transvaal and Orange Free State in Southern Africa; established to assert independence of Boers from British colonial government in Cape Colony in the 1850s; discovery of diamonds and precious metals caused British migration into Boer areas in 1860s.	15
6063217714	Cecil Rhodes	British entrepreneur in South Africa around 1900; manipulated political situation in south Africa to gain entry to resources of Boer republics; encouraged Boer war as means of destroying Boer independence.	16
6063217715	Anglo-Boer War	Fought between 1899-1902 over the continued independence of Boer republics; resulted in British victory, but began process of decolonization for whites in South Africa.	17
6063217716	Captain James Cook	Captain James Cook- Made voyages to Hawaii from 1777-1779 resulting in opening of islands to the West; convinced Kamehameha to establish unified kingdom in islands.	18
6063217717	Natal	British colony in South Africa; developed after Boer trek north from Cape Colony; major commercial outpost at Durban.	19