Ap World History: Unit 3 FlashCards Flashcards

5440016130	Muslim \| pg.345 \| Culture	An individual who accepts the Islamic faith is a Muslim, meaning "one who has submitted."	0
5440018772	Five Pillars \| pg.351 \| Culture	The foundation of the Five Pillars of Islam : (1) Muslims must acknowledge Allah as the only god and Muhammad as his prophet. (2) They must pray to Allah daily while facing Mecca. (3) They must observe a fast during the daylight hours of the month of Ramadan. (4) They must contribute alms for the relief of the weak and poor. (5) Finally, in honor of Muhammad's visits to Mecca in 629 and 632, those who are physically and financially able must undertake the hajj and make at least one pilgrimage to Mecca.	1
5440021275	Sharia \| pg. 352 \| Political	Beyond the general obligations prescribed by the Five Pillars, Islamic holy law, known as the sharia, emerged during the centuries after Muhammad and offered detailed guidance on proper behavior in almost every aspect of life.	2
5440023664	Hijra \| pg. 349 \| Interaction	Known as the hijra ("migration"), Muhammad's move to Medina serves as the starting point of the official Islamic calendar.	3
5440029164	Umayyad \| pg. 355 \| Political	The Umayyads ranked among the most prominent of the Meccan merchant clans, and their reputation and network of alliances helped them bring stability to the Islamic community.	4
5440033495	Ulama \| pg. 357 \| Culture	Learned officials known as ulama ("people with religious knowledge")	5
5440035990	Harun al-Rashid \| pg. 357 \| Economics	Harun al-Rashid provided liberal support for artists and writers, bestowed lavish and luxurious gifts on his favorites, and distributed money to the poor and the common classes by tossing coins into the streets of Baghdad	6
5440040756	Sufi \| pg. 366 \| Culture	Sufis did not deny Islamic doctrine, and indeed many of them had an advanced education in Islamic theology and law. But they also did not find formal religious teachings to be especially meaningful	7
5440043180	"Seal of the prophets" \| pg. 349 \| Culture	The final prophet through whom Allah would reveal his message to humankind	8
5440074328	Dar al-Islam \| pg. 346 \| Culture	An Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule	9
5440076554	Jihad \| pg. 351 \| Culture and Social	Imposes spiritual and moral obligations on Muslims by requiring them to combat vice and evil. In another sense, jihad calls on Muslims to struggle against ignorance and unbelief by spreading the word of Islam and seeking converts to the faith. Also involves physical struggle, obliging Muslims to take up the sword and the wage war against unbelievers who threaten Islam.	10
5440082308	Hajj \| pg. 345 \| Culture	The holy pilgrimage to Mecca - draws Muslims by the hundreds of thousands from all parts of the world to Saudi Arabia	11
5440082309	Caliph \| pg. 353 \| Social	Caliph ("deputy")	12
5440085113	Abbasid \| pg. 356 \| Political	Abbasid rulers did not show special favor to the Arab military aristocracy. Continued to play a huge role in government.	13
5440085114	Qadis \| pg. 357 \| Social	Qadis ("judges") set moral standards in local communities and resolved disputes	14
5488161775	Caesaropapism \| pg. 320 \| Social	Whereby the emperor not only ruled as secular lord but also played an active and prominent role in ecclesiastical affairs.	15
5488162963	Corpus iuris civilis \| pg. 321 \| Political	Body of the Civil War; a collection of Roman laws	16
5488166857	"Greek fire" \| pg. 323 \| Economic	A devastating incendiary weapon compounded of sulphur, lime, and petroleum	17
5488166858	Schism \| pg. 335 \| Political	Alongside these ritual and doctrinal differences, the Byzantine patriarchs and Roman popes disputed their respective rights and powers. A split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties, caused by differences in opinion or belief.	18
5488169007	Saint Cyril \| pg. 339 \| Culture and Interaction	One of the two brothers from Thessaloniki in Greece. He conducted missions with his brother in Bulgaria and Moravia. They created the Cyrillic alphabet.	19
5488171730	Saint Methodius \| pg. 339 \| Culture and Interaction	Two of the two brothers from Thessaloniki in Greece. He conducted missions with his brother in Bulgaria and Moravia. They created the Cyrillic alphabet.	20
5488174850	Sasanids \| pg. 319 \| Political	In Persia. Remained the principal foreign threat to the eastern Roman empire.	21
5488174851	Hagia Sophia \| pg. 321 \| Culture	A magnificent domed structure that later became a mosque and a museum and that ranks as one of the world's most important examples of Christian architecture.	22
5488178032	Theme system \| pg. 323-324 \| Social	Placed an imperial province under the jurisdiction of a general, who assumed responsibility for both its military defense and its civil administration.	23
5488178033	Iconoclasm \| pg. 332 \| Political	"the breaking of icons", destroying religious images and prohibiting their use in churches.	24
5488179921	Fourth crusade \| pg. 337 \| Political	Venetians had become prominent in the commercial life of the eastern Mediterranean, and they viewed the fourth crusade as an opportunity to strengthen their position against Byzantine competition.	25
5522450778	Tang Taizong \| pgs. 378-379 \| Political	(627- 649) He reconquered the northern and western land that China had since the decline of the Han Dynasty. He started the achievements of the Tang Dynasty. Tang Dynasty's second emperor; banditry ended during reign; taxes were very low; unusual stability and prosperity during his reign.	26
5522452205	Uighurs \| pgs. 380-381 \| Political	nomadic Turks; the Tang commanders had to invite a nomadic Turkish people to bring an army into China to oust An Lushan from the imperial capitals; in return for their services, the Uighurs demanded the right to sack Chang'an and Luoyang after the expulsion of the rebels.	27
5522453690	Chan/Zen Buddhism \| pg. 393 \| Cultural	a syncretic faith; a form of Buddhism with Chinese characteristics; known in Japan as Zen Buddhism; emphasized insight in the search for spiritual enlightenment	28
5522453691	Neo-Confucianism \| pgs. 394-395 \| Cultural	emerged when the Confucians of the Song dynasty drew inspiration from Buddhism; their thought reflected the influence of Buddhism and original Confucian values	29
5522455038	Samurai \| pg. 399 \| Political	professional warriors and specialists in the use of force and the arts of fighting; served the provincial lords of Japan	30
5522456651	Chola \| pg. 409 \| Political	kingdom situated in the deep south. At its high point, Chola forces conquered Ceylon and parts of southeast Asia, funded by the profits of trade, dominated the sea, did not build a tightly centralized state	31
5522458514	Ceylon \| pg. 291 \| Interaction	An island in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of India. Now known as Sri Lanka; large center of commerce.	32
5522462176	Dhows and Junks \| pgs. 412-413 \| Social and Political	were ships; Dhows was favored by Indians, Persian, and Arab sailors; junks were the Chinese ships that also sailed the Indian ocean	33
5522463372	Swahili states \| pg. 493 \| Political	Waring states that were always competing for control of trade routes and each other. established by Swahili., Many of these city-states were Muslim and very cosmopolitan.	34
5522464588	Grand canal \| pgs. 377-378 \| Economic and Interaction	The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. A major part of trade and commerce and contributed to the fall of the Tang, because of the high cost.	35
5522467205	Equal-field system \| pg. 379 \| Economic	This Chinese system allotted land to individuals and their families according to the land's fertility and the recipients' needs.	36
5522469706	Fast-ripening rice \| pgs. 383-384 \| Interaction and Economic	acquired by Chinese through trade with Vietnam. ripens twice a year, which allowed farmers to harvest more crops. allowed China's population to expand	37
5522477002	Heian court \| pgs. 397-398 \| Political and Cultural	(794 - 1100) move the capital to Heian; 300 years of developing a new culture; growth of large estates significance: moved away from Chinese culture, began to become more distinct	38
5522478923	The Tale of Genji \| pgs. 398-399 \| Cultural and Social	Written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any language; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor's son; evidence for mannered style of the Japanese society.	39
5522482755	Harsha \| pgs. 406-407 \| Political	(606-648 CE) He restored centralized rule in northern India after the collapse of the Gupta. He can be compared to Charlemagne.	40
5522484293	Angkor Wat \| pgs. 426-427 \| Cultural	(c. 1100 CE) The largest Hindu temple in the world, built by King Suryavarman II in present-day Angkor, and dedicated to the Hindu god of Vishnu	41
5522966679	Zimbabwe \| pg 1109 \| Cultural	Central African Royal Stone Courts	42
5582998564	Buzurg ibn Shahriyar \| pg. 405 \| Cultural	A storytelling mariner who came from the emporium of Siraf on the Persian Gulf. Wrote the Book of the Wonders of India. His stories reflected India trade.	43
5583002430	Harsha \| pgs. 406-407 \| Political	after the fall of the Gupta empire. India followed different political trajectories. During the first half of the seventh century, King Harsha (606-648ce) temporarily restored unified rule in most of northern india and sought to revive imperial authority. He was a Buddhist but he looked kindly to other faiths as well. he built hospitals etc	44
5583004745	Mahmud of Ghazni \| pg 408 \| Political	The leader of the Turks in Afghanistan, and turned his attention to the rich land to the south. In 1001 and 1027 he mounted 17 raiding expedition into India. Taking advantage of infighting between local rulers, he annexed several states in northwestern India and the Punjab. he had less interest in land than in wealth of the temples. His forces demolished hundreds of sites associated with Hindu or Buddhist faiths.	45
5583154721	Harihara and Bukka \| pg. 410 \| Political	two brothers dispatched by officials in Delhi to represent the sultan and implement court policies in the sought. Converted from Hinduism to Islam; in 1336 they renounced Islam, returned to Hindu faith, and proclaimed of an established empire, independent empire of Vijayanagar	46
5583154722	Shankara \| pgs. 419-420 \| Cultural	a southern Indian devotee of Shiva who was active during the early ninth century, took it upon himself to digest all sacred consistent system of thought. Closely resembles Plato.	47
5583160263	Raminuja \| pg. 420 \| Cultural	The twelfth-century devotee of Vishnu, who believed that personal devotion and personal union with the deity was more important than an intellectual understanding of ultimate reality. He followed the Bhagavad Gita and challenged Shankara;s incompromising insistence on logic.	48
5583162644	Guru Kabir \| pg.423 \| Cultural	(1440-1518) a blind weaver, who was one of the most famous bhakti teachers, went so far to teach that Shiva, Vishnu, and Allah were all manifestations of single, universal deity.	49
5583167819	Sind \| pgs. 407-408 \| Political	Indus River valley in NW India; conquered in 711; fringe of Islamic world	50
5583169480	Sultanate of Delhi \| pgs. 408-409 \| Political	By the early 13th century, most of the Hindu kingdoms of the north had been conquered and established an Islamic state know as the sultanate of Delhi. By placing their capital (Delhi) at a crucial point that controlled access from the Punjab to the Ganges valley, they ruled northern India more than 300 years of Islam rule from 1206 - 1526.	51
5583169481	Chola Kingdom \| pg. 409 \| Political	The Kingdom of the Chola was one of the two kingdoms the flourished in Southern India. It controlled the Coromandel four centuries from 850 - 1267 CE. At its high point, it had ruled Ceylon and even parts of South-East Asia. Chola rulers allowed a considerable autonomy for local and village institutions so long as they did not stop paying taxes. The Chola Kingdom began to decline through internal revolts around the 12th century.	52
5583171812	Vijayanagar \| pg 410 \| Political	The Kingdom of Vijayanagar ( =city of victory) was a branch of state from the Sultanate of Delhi. Based in the northern Deccan, it had originated when two dispatched brothers of the Delhi Sultanate converted back to Hinduism and established themselves as independent rulers. It lasted from mid-fourteenth century until 1565 when it fell to an alliance of Muslim kingdoms.	53
5583171813	Monsoons \| pg. 411 \| Interactions	Because of the Monsoons, irrigation was essential for the maintenance of a large and populated agricultural society. Indian lands required good watering by the southern Monsoon, supplemented by irrigation during the dry months.	54
5583184478	Dhows \| pg 412 \| Economics	were ships; Dhows was favored by Indians, Persian and Arab sailors	55
5583186149	Junks \| pg. 412-413 \| Economics	junks were the Chinese ships that also sailed the Indian ocean	56
5583193265	Kingdom of Axum \| pg. 415-416 \| Political	after the kingdom of Kush died, another African kingdom was emerging farther to the south. The kingdom of Axum developed on the highlands of northern Ethiopia. Like Kush, Axum was a very important center of trade. it became the principle link for Egypt to the southern lands. Axumites adopted Christianity and established churches and maintained relations between other Christian communities.	57
5583195209	Vishnu \| pg.419 \| Cultural	Vishnu was the preserver of the world. It was believed that he observed the universe from the heavens and entered the world as a human. He disguised himself as an in order to stop evil and to communicate these teachings.	58
5583195210	Shiva \| pg. 419 \| Cultural	Shiva was the god of fertility and ironically the god of destruction as well. He created life and also destroyed it. Vishnu and Shiva were associated with man gods and goddess. The veneration of Vishnu and Shiva began in northern and southern India.	59
5583197042	Sufis \| pg. 422 \| Social and Cultural	Sufis encouraged a personal, emotional, devotional approach to Islam.	60
5583198464	Bhakti \| pg. 423 \| Cultural	(Hinduism) loving devotion to a deity leading to salvation and Nirvana	61
5583198465	Ramayana \| pg. 424 \| Cultural	one of two classical Hindu epics telling of the banishment of Rama from his kingdom and the abduction of his wife by a demon and Rama's restoration to the throne	62
5583200260	Funan \| pgs. 424-425 \| Political	By the early 13th century, most of the Hindu kingdoms of the north had been conquered and established an Islamic state know as the sultanate of Delhi. By placing their capital (Delhi) at a crucial point that controlled access from the Punjab to the Ganges valley, they ruled northern India more than 300 years of Islam rule from 1206 - 1526.	63
5583200261	Srivijaya \| pgs. 425-426 \| Political	after the fall of Funan, political leadership in southeast Asia passed to the Kingdom of Srivijava based on the island of Sumatra. They built a powerful navy and controlled commerce in southeast Asian waters.	64
5583201768	Angkor \| pgs. 426-427 \| Political	Southeast Asian Khmer kingdom that was centered on the temple cities of Ankor Thom and Angkor Wat.	65
5583206146	Melaka \| pg. 428 \| Political	powerful state in Malaysia. It was founded during the late fourteenth century by Paramesvara, a prince from Sumatra. In its earliest days, it was basically a pirate hang out, but by the mid-fifteenth century, it had made a navy that patrolled the waters of southeast Asia and protected the region's sea-lanes. Melaka became a powerful state through the control of maritime trade. Though it started out as a Hindu state, it soon became predominantly Islamic; welcoming theologians, Sufis, and other Islamic authorities to Melaka. Through Melaka, Islam spread to Java, Sumatra and the Malay peninsula.	66
5648021115	Bantu migrations \| pgs. 483-484	Bantu people showed early readiness to migrate to new territories. Over the centuries, there became more than five hundred distinct but related tongues. By 1000 CE, Bantu-speaking peoples occupied most of Africa south of the equator	67
5648022755	Sundiata \| pg. 483 \| Political and Cultural	Founder of the Mali empire (r 1230-1255) also the inspiration of Sundiata, the African literary and mythological work. he won gold control.	68
5648024802	Gold-salt trade \| pg. 488 \| Economic and Interaction	Gold and salt were the two most important items traded in the West African kingdoms; gold came from the south and salt came from the Sahara desert.	69
5648027403	Stateless society \| pg. 485 \| Political	A society that is based on the authority of kinship groups rather than on a central government; describes a society without a centralized government organization having the supreme power to make and enforce rules, brought rudimentary order.	70
5648027404	Mansa Musa \| pgs. 491-492 \| Political	Sundiata's grand-nephew who ruled Mali from 1312-1337 during its high point. he observed Islamic traditions and made a pilgrimage to Mecca	71
5648028901	Ibn Battuta \| pgs. 494-495 \| Cultural and Political	Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. Dictated his reminiscences, which became one of the world's most famous travel books, the Rihlah, providing insight	72
5648028902	Kinship groups \| pg. 496 \| Political and Social	Early agricultural and technological development (about 8000 BCE to 3500 BCE) - Small groups of settlers grew into kinship-based villages that practiced both crop cultivation and domestication of animals. Tools and inventions helped villages to stabilize and eventually grow.	73
5648030456	Creator god \| pg.500 \| Cultural	A god that is responsible for the creation of the physical earth and the plants and animals that live upon it.	74
5648030457	Age groups \| pg. 498 \| Social	Division of work where people are divided by age group and live and progress through life with others of your age (Perticually harsh when EU. would take whole age-sets for slaves) Almost like a "class".	75
5648031928	Zimbabwe \| pg. 494 \| Political	Magnificent stone complex near modern day Zimbabwe. A capital city built of stone. "Dwelling of a chief" complex stone structures	76
5648039395	Swahili states \| pgs. 493-494 \| Political	Port cities in convenient locations in east Africa (Malindi, Mozambique, Zanzibar, Lamu etc) they were governed by a king who supervised trade and organized public life	77