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AP World History - Era 3 Flashcards

Study guide for AP World Test

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8484062032MuhammedBorn in Mecca, married Kadija, "called" to be prophet of Allah, preached in Mecca, converted most of people on Arabian coast0
8484062033Quran (Koran)Islam's Religious text1
8484062034ShariahIslamic moral codes2
84840620355 Pillars of IslamFaith, prayer, alms, fasting, pilgrimage (Haj)3
8484062036622 ADMuhammed flees from Mecca to Medina with his followers4
84840620371st CaliphAbu Bakr - jihad - "Holy War"5
8484062038Abu BakrFormed first Caliph after death of Muhammed, confirmed Muhammed's practices6
8484062039Creation of New Empire After MuhammedFought Sassanids and Byzantines - defeated Sassanids, conquered ALL of Persia, super tolerant7
8484062040UmmayyadsIn Spain, stayed there until 1492, took over barbarians with visigoths8
8484062041VisigothsGermanic tribe who settled primarily in Spain9
8484062042AbbasidsA dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire- took over Umayyads - MUSLIMS GOLDEN AGE, intermarried with Umayyads, capital at Baghdad, lots of TRADE, AGE OF LEARNING (Astronomy, translating Greek texts), economic prosperity - trade all over world, Caliphs more regal and wealthy10
8484062043Seljuk TurksHired mercenaries, took over Baghdad, STARTED CRUSADES with Mongols- Mongols won11
8484062044AndalusiaSPAIN; built Mosques, schools, courts, etc, wealthy, lot of trade, all educated, super tolerant12
8484062045MoorMuslim in Spain13
8484062046756 ADMuslims conquered Visigoths - settled14
84840620471492 ADIsabella and Ferdinand conquer Spain15
8484062048Islamic CivilizationControl through Quran, 1st Caliphate= Muhammad's followers- Umma, trade ALL over, gold and slaves from Africa, silk and porcelain from China16
8484062049Islamic Society and CultureSlavery, women could own/inherit land, polygamy, ASTROLABE, ARCHITECTURE - Alhambra, Dome of Rock17
8484062050Battle of Milvian BridgeVision from God - cross on shield to win18
8484062051ConstantineEmperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith on deathbed, builds wall, Battle of Milvian19
8484062052JustinianFalls in love with Theodora (prostitute, actress), both crowned at same time (big deal- gender diff), reconquers City of Rome20
8484062053Justinian's CodeLaw code published by the Byzantine emperor Justinian - even used as modern law in Europe today21
8484062054Hagia SophiaNew church constructed in Constantinople during reign of Justinian - Biggest church in world22
8484062055Justinian's PlagueDeadly disease that affected the Byzantine empire - Justinian almost died of it23
84840620561453 ADByzantine Empire falls due to Justinian's Plague24
8484062057Clovis1st King of France - 1st Catholic Germanic Ruler25
8484062058Charles Martel and Pepin the ShortWanted Muslims out of France - Christian and Catholic26
8484062059VikingsPlundered, killed monks, good on sea - couldn't be stopped27
8484062060FiefsLand given in exchange for protection after fighting28
8484062061PopeRoman Catholic leader- Masses in Latin29
8484062062Sui DynastyDaoism, Emperors, Father/ Son Dynasty, built Grand Canal, extensive trade30
8484062063Tang DynastyEXPANSION, built road across China, lots of taxation, tributary system, Confucianism, arts and philosophy- founded by Li Yuan31
8484062064Song DynastyInvention Dynasty, Civil Service Exam, Confucianism, gun powder/steel, reallocated China's capital, weak political system, widespread trade32
8484062065China's EconomyInvent paper money, trade Inventions, SILK ROAD33
8484062066Genghis KhanTemujin, married Borte, united nomadic tribes, MONGOL LEADER, very strong34
8484062067MongolsTRY to conquer Japan, religious toleration, trade = good, slaughtered thousands35
8484062068Marco PoloWrote "Travels", from Venice and wrote about Mongols36
8484062069Ming DynastyPOWERHOUSE, expanded into Mongolia, tributary system, Emperor Yongle, Great Wall= stronger, Confucian institutions37
8484062070ZhengHeLed all of the voyages along the Indian Ocean- 28,000 sailors on Junks, EXPLORED a ton, LEARNED a ton, brought new things back to China, Yongle dies - no more voyages - economic crash38
8484062071"New Confucianism"Starts under Tang - big in Song, had Yin-Yang principles39
8484062072Apogee of Chinese CultureLiterature, paper - clothes, armor, toilet paper, arts, sports, PORCELAIN40
8484062073JapanNot very good agriculture, homogeneity, FEUDAL PYRAMID41
8484062074BushidoJapanese code of chivalry42
8484062075Nubian KingdomsDepend on Nile, copy Egyptians, turns into KUSH, declines due to lack of trade, conquered by Ethiopia43
8484062076Aksum EmpirePart of Ethiopia, CHRISTIAN, first written African religion, MUSLIMS COME44
8484062077EthiopiaCHRISTIANS, descendants of King Solomon, kick out Jews45
8484062078GhanaGOLD, camel caravans, trade salt, taxes, trade46
8484062079Mansa MusaRICH, expands, MUSLIM, ruled over 40 million people, goes to Mecca, built schools, hospitals, drops money - caused inflation and economic crash Mansa Musa Muslim Mecca47
8484062080Delhi SultanateTook over India, Muslims in India - Muslims and Hindus DON'T get along48
8484062081Monsoon MarinersTarget Swahili Coast, Dhows49
8484062082Africa, Arabia, India, Southeast AsiaConnected by Indian Ocean Trade - lots of money, lots of trade50
8484062083ArmeniaOne of the earliest Christian Kingdoms - in East Anatolia51
8484062084Sassanid EmpireIranian Empire - Zoroastrianism, military power, sugar cane, rice, egg plant, persecuted Christians, Jews, and Buddhists- overthrew Parthians - rivals with Rome52
8484062085ManichaeismNew religion in Mesopotamia - widely spread53
8484062086MeccaCity in West Arabia, birthplace of Muhammed, ritual center of Islamic Religion54
8484062087UmmaCommunity of Muslims55
8484062088Shi'itesMuslims- state religion of Iran56
8484062089SunnisPeople who supported 3 caliphs57
8484062090MamluksTurkic military slaves58
8484062091UlamaMuslim religious scholars - interpreters of Islamic Law59
8484062092HadithTraditions relating to Muhammed - important to Islamic law60
8484062093Byzantine EmpireEstablished Christianity as official religion, Imperial Rule, Constantinople61
8484062094SchismFormal split within a religious community62
8484062095SerfsAgricultural laborer- legally bound to lord's property- had to perform duties63
8484062096VassalPerson who had to be committed to performing specific military service64
8484062097PapacyCentral admission of Roman Catholic Church - pope = head of church65
8484062098Holy Roman EmpireLoose federation of mostly German states, headed by Emperor66
8484062099Investiture ControversyDispute between Pope and secular rulers over appointment of bishops67
8484062100MonasticismThe practice of living the life of a monk - secluded68
8484062101Horse CollarHarnessing technique, increased efficiency of horses - in Kievan Russia69
8484062102CrusadesArmed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule.70
8484062103PilgrimageJourney to sacred shrine by Christians - showing piety, to fulfill vows. Muslims to Mecca71
8484062104Grand CanalWaterway linking the yellow and Yangzhou rivers. Han Period - Sui Empire - IRRIGATION72
8484062105Li ShiminFounder of Tang Empire, 2nd Emperor, led expansion of the empire into Central Asia73
8484062106JunkSailing ship produced by Tang, Song, and Ming Empires74
8484062107GunpowderBrought into China - thought to keep away insects/evil spirits, explosives/ bullets, etc.75
8484062108Zho XiMost important Neoconfucian thinker76
8484062109ZenJapanese - disciplined meditation77
8484062110Shamanism"Interact" with spirits for the benefit of the community78
8484062111KoryoKorean kingdom founded in 918 and destroyed by a Mongol invasion in 1259.79
8484062112Kamakura Shogunate1st of Japan's decentralized military governments80
8484062113Golden HordeMongol Khanate founded by Genghis Khan's grandson, Batu. In South Russia81
8484062114Nasir al - Din TusiPersian mathematician/cosmologist82
8484062115Ottoman EmpireIslamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia.83
8484062116Kublai KhanLast of Mongol Great Khans- founded of Yuan Empire84
8484062117LamaTibetan Buddhist teacher85
8484062118BeijingChina's first Imperial capital86
8484062119MaliEmpire created by indigenous Muslims- famous for gold trade87
8484062120GujaratRegion of western India famous for trade and manufacturing.88
8484062121DhowsCargo and passenger ships of Arabian Sea89
8484062122Swahili CoastOn African Shores, good for trade- ivory, wood, gold90
8484062123Great ZimbabweTrading center in Southeast Africa and large state91
8484062124AdenPort city in the modern south Arabian country of Yemen92
8484062125MalaccaPort city for Malaysia- trading center93
8484062126UrduPersian-influenced literary form of Hindi written in Arabic characters94
8484062127TimbuktuCity on Niger River in Mali. Became trans Saharan trade center of Islamic Learning- over 150 schools teaching Quran95
8484062128King RichardPart of the 3rd Crusade96
84840621293rd CrusadeFight between Richard the Lion-Hearted and Saladin- wanted to reconquer Holy Land97
8484062130Magna CartaA document that promised barons certain rights- important even today98
8484062131Eleanor of AquitaneDuchess at 15 years old, married many times, ACCOMPANIED HUSBAND ON 2ND CRUSADE, active in ruling empire99
8484062132ImamIslamic religious leader100
8484062133Dome of the RockIslamic site in Jerusalem, commemorates Muhammad's flight to heaven101
8484062134Umayyad Caliphate1st Islamic caliphate102
8484062135Ibn SinaMuslim scientist during Abassid Caliphate103
8484062136CharlemagneHoly Roman emperor - empire fell after his death104
8484062137FeudalismMedieval social structure - kings, nobles, knights, serfs105
8484062138Civil Service ExamBased on Confucianism - determines government position, began in Song Dynasty106
8484062139Emperor YongleAuthorized the exploration of ZhengHe107
8484062140FootbindingBegan in Song Dynasty- used on girls at a young age through adulthood108
8484062141SamuraiJapanese warriors109
8484062142TamerlaneMuslim descendent of Mongols, founded Timurid Dynasty in Persia110
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