AP World Chapter 13 Flashcards

5819176963	Devshirme	The tribute of boy children that the Ottoman Turks levied from their Christian subjects in the Balkans; the Ottomans raised the boys for service in the civil administration or in the elite Janissary infantry corps.	0
5819183014	the great dying	Term used to describe the devastating demographic impact of European-borne epidemic diseases on the Americas.	1
5819187638	Qing Dynasty	Ruling dynasty of China from 1644 to 1912; they were originally from Manchuria, which had conquered China.	2
5819192103	Siberia	Russia's great frontier region, a vast territory of what is now central and eastern Russia, most of it unsuited to agriculture but rich in mineral resources and fur-bearing animals.	3
5819198501	Mughal Empire	One of the most successful empires of India, a state founded by Muslim Turks who invaded India in 1526; their rule was noted for efforts to create partnerships between Hindus and Muslims.	4
5819201955	Mulattoes	Term commonly used for people of mixed African and European blood.	5
5819206677	Columbian Exchange	The massive transatlantic interaction and exchange between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia that began in the period of European exploration and colonization.	6
5819213355	Cortes	Spanish conquistador (1485-1547) who led the expedition that conquered the Aztec Empire in modern Mexico.	7
5819220433	Settler Colonies	Colonies in which the colonizing people settled in large numbers, rather than simply spending relatively small numbers to exploit the region; particularly noteworthy in the case of the British colonies in North America.	8
5819229670	Ottoman Empire	Major Islamic state centered on Anatolia that came to include the Balkans, the Near East, and much of North Africa.	9
5819236547	Plantation Complex	Agricultural system based on African slavery that was used in Brazil, the Caribbean, and the southern colonies of North America.	10
5819243181	Little Ice Age and General Crisis	A period of unusually cool temperatures that spanned much of the 17th Century early modern period, most prominently in the Northern Hemisphere. Varied from region to region, helped spark the General Crisis.	11
5819250370	Akbar	The most famous emperor of India's Mughal Empire (r. 1556-1605); his policies are noted for their efforts at religious tolerance and inclusion.	12
5819260071	Constantinople, 1453	This area fell to the army of the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror" in 1453, an event that marked the end of Christian Byzantium.	13
5819267252	Mestizo	Literally, "mixed" a term used to describe the mixed-race population of Spanish colonial societies in the Americas.	14
5819270725	Peninsulares	In the Spanish colonies of Latin America, the term used to refer to people who had been born in Spain; they claimed superiority over Spaniards born in the Americas.	15
5819275437	yasak	Tribute that Russian rulers demanded from the native peoples of Siberia, most often in the form of furs.	16
5819280765	Dona Marina	Native American slave from an elite background who, in 1519, became Cortés's indispensible interpreter and strategist. She accompanied him during his conquest of the Aztec Empire and bore him a son. After the conquest, she was married off to another conquistador dying around 1530 C.E.	17