AP World History Chapter 8 Vocabulary Flashcards

5396700390	stateless societies	African societies organized around kinship or other forms of obligation and lacking the concentration of political power and authority associated with states	0
5396706621	Ifriqiya	Arab term for eastern North Africa	1
5396713982	Maghrib	The Arabic word for western north Africa	2
5396716533	Almoravids	A puritanical reformist movement among the Islamic Berber tribes of northern Africa; controlled gold trade across Sahara; conquered Ghana in 1076; moved southward against African kingdoms of the savanna and westward into Spain.	3
5396721262	Almohadis	A reformist movement among the Islamic Berbers of northern Africa; later than the Almoravids; penetrated into sub-Sahara Africa.	4
5396735729	Ethiopia	A Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalaibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa	5
5396735730	the Sahel	A semi-dry region that is mostly sparse grasses and thorny bushes.	6
5396737957	Sudanic states	States trading to north Africa and mixing Islamic and indigenous ways.	7
5396740332	Mali Empire	From 1235-1400, this was a strong empire of Western African. With its trading cities of Timbuktu and Gao, it had many mosques and universities. The Empire was ruled by two great rulers, Sundiata and Mansa Musa. Thy upheld a strong gold-salt trade. The fall of the empire was caused by the lack of strong rulers who could govern well.	8
5396741690	Juula	Malinke merchants; formed small partnerships to carry out trade throughout Mali empire; eventually spread throughout much of West Africa	9
5396744129	Sundiata	the founder of Mali empire. He crushed his enemies and won control of the gold trade routes	10
5396744130	griots	Professional oral historians who served as keepers of traditions and advisors to kings within the Mali Empire	11
5396746316	Timbuktu	City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning.	12
5396746317	Songhay	Successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of Niger valley; formed as independent kingdom under a Berber dynasty; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali	13
5396748747	Askia	one of the last rulers of Songhai, before it broke apart, recognized as the Muslim ruler of the Niger River Valley	14
5396748748	Ali bin Muhammad	led the Zanj revolt	15
5396750751	Hausa states	States, such as Kano, among the Hausa of northern Nigeria; combined Islamic and indigenous beliefs.	16
5396758321	Sharia	Islamic Law	17
5396758322	Zanj	What is the Arabic term for the Swahili coast of Africa?	18
5396760825	Ibn Batuta	Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. Arab traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records	19
5396763105	demography	Scientific study of human populations.	20
5396764611	demographic transition	change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates	21
5396764612	Nok	West Africa's earliest known culture; lived in what is now Nigeria; between 500 B.C. and A.D. 200; first people known to smelt iron; fashioned iron into tools for farming and weapons for hunting	22
5396764613	Yoruba	A West African people who formed several kingdoms in what is now Benin and Southern Nigeria.	23
5396773253	Benin	a kingdom that arose near the Niger River delta in the 1300s and became a major West African state in the 1400s	24
5396773254	Kingdom of Congo	1. Only Bantu kingdom	25
5396775481	Great Zimbabwe	City, now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe), whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state.	26