AP World History: Packet B, Module 3 Flashcards

4902874591	Name two major paleolithic migrations.	-Early Africans to Australia, the Middle East, Europe, and Asia -Asians across the land bridge to the Americas	0
4902888359	Shifting cultivation is often referred to as the what of agriculture?	"Slash and burn"	1
4902894205	Where did shifting cultivation primarily develop?	In the rain forests of Central and South America, West Africa, eastern and central Asia, and much of southern China and southeast Asia	2
4902906274	Pangaea was hypothesized by who?	Alfred Wegener	3
4902910743	Pangaea broke apart and formed what two things?	Continents and oceans	4
4902917761	How many parts did Pangaea consist of? What were the names of these two parts?	2; Northern Laurasia and southern Gondwana	5
4902931485	What is Panthalassa?	A vast, global ancient Pacific Ocean that surrounded Pangaea	6
4902949707	What is Beringia?	It used to be a land bridge connecting Russia and Canada	7
4902962714	What is Pleistocene Epoch?	It is the most recent Ice Age out of 5	8
4902996068	What is the Holocene Epoch?	It is the current period of geological time and notable for the Earth's warming trend allowing for agriculture to take place	9
4903034097	What is the definition of culture?	Socially transmitted patterns of human action and expression	10
4903042118	What is the definition of history?	The study of past events and changes in the development, transmission, and transformation of cultural practices	11
4903052001	The Stone Age is characterized by what?	The production of tools from stone and other nonmetallic substances	12
4903057192	The Stone Age lasted from about when to when?	2.6 million - 4,000 years ago	13
4903063968	During the Stone Age, not all tools were made out of stone, some were made out of what three types of material?	Bone, wood, and skin	14
4903072083	What is the definition of paleolithic?	The period of the Stone Age associated with the ancient Agricultural Revolution(s)	15
4903075832	Neolithic is associated with what?	The origins of agriculture	16
4903079997	Neolithic is also known as the what?	New Stone Age	17
4903083983	Name one benefit of cooking food.	It makes meats and vegetables easier to digest	18
4903105336	Prehistory is before what year?	3500 B.C.E	19
4903109076	How long did prehistory last?	Millions of years	20
4903112594	What three things did early belief systems believe in?	Spirits, sacred places, and an afterlife	21
4903125131	The early belief systems practiced what, which was in contrast to?	Polydaemonism, polytheism	22
4903141290	What is polytheism?	A belief in many gods	23
4903145431	What is polydaemonism?	The belief in many spirits (not specific gods)	24
4903153550	What is a hominid?	Human-like animals that would walk upright	25
4903156821	The earliest hominid lived around how many years ago? Where did they live?	4.4 million years, in the humid forests of eastern and southern Africa	26
4903168321	What is a australopithecine?	An extinct genus of hominids	27
4903219900	Homo Habilis lived roughly from when to when?	2.8 million - 1.5 million years ago	28
4903234844	What hominid is known as "handy man" or "able man?"	Homo Habilis	29
4903249278	Homo Erectus is an extinct species of hominid that lived throughout most of the _______________ _______________ epoch.	Pleistocene geological	30
4903256789	The earliest fossil evidence of Homo Erectus dates back to ______________ years ago to _______________.	1.9 million; 70,000	31
4903244979	What hominid is known as the "consciously thinking human?"	Homo Sapien	32
4903274167	Homo Sapien Sapien is a subspecies of what?	Homo Sapien	33
4903279126	What is a Neanderthal?	A primate	34
4903282230	Neanderthal lived about how long ago?	40,000 years	35
4903285860	Neanderthals were prevalent during the what period?	Paleolithic	36
4903294708	Cro-Magnon is a common name that has been used to describe the first early modern what?	Humans	37
4903312446	Who discovered the first fossilized Proconsul skull, an extinct ape now believed to be ancestral to humans?	Mary and Louis Leakey	38
4903316104	Who was the Paleoanthropologist team that convinced the world that humans first evolved in Africa?	Mary and Louis Leakey	39
4903319357	Who examined the palate of Zinjanthropus?	Mary and Louis Leakey	40
4903324491	Who is Donald Johansen?	An American paleoanthropologist	41
4903330379	Who is known for discovering the fossil of a female hominid australopithecine known as "Lucy" in the Afar Triangle region of Hadar, Ethiopia?	Donald Johansen	42
4903332982	Where was "Lucy" found?	In the Afar Triangle region of Hadar, Ethiopia	43
4903335606	Who is "Lucy?"	The fossil of a female hominid australopithecine, a hominid who could walk upright and manipulate tools with her hands	44
4903348551	What is bipedalism?	A form of terrestrial locomotion where an organism moves by means of its two rear limbs or legs	45
4903355136	The Paleolithic era is followed by _______________.	Mesolithic	46
4903362579	The Mesolithic Period is also known as what?	The Middle Stone Age	47
4903366293	Mesolithic cultures lasted in Europe until almost...	3000 B.C.E	48
4903376080	The Mesolithic Period in human development between the end of the _______________ period and the beginning of the _______________ period.	Paleolithic; Neolithic	49
4903393014	What is a patriarchy?	A system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line	50
4903411796	Who are Foragers?	People who support themselves by hunting, fishing, and gathering wild edible plants and insects	51
4903416939	Early foragers lived in _______________ that were big enough to defend themselves from predators and divide responsibility for food collection and preparation.	Groups	52
4903421945	Pastoral nomadism is an alternative to what?	Sedentary agriculture	53
4903426495	What is nomadism?	The practice of moving frequently from one place to the other	54
4903429512	Pastoral nomadism was developed across the grassy plains of _______________ _______________ and nearby desert areas of the _______________ _______________ and the _______________.	Central Eurasia; Arabian Peninsula; Sudan	55
4903444842	Paleolithic Social Structure - Authority was based on what?	Family relationships	56
4903447432	Who took the leadership roles?	Men	57
4903450246	Who were highly valued as gatherers?	Women	58
4903452821	Labor was divided based on what?	Gender	59
4903454932	What is egalitarianism?	Believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities	60
4903458038	What is a kinship group?	A family, clan, or other group based on kinship	61
4903461074	What was used as an organizational device in many traditional societies?	Kinship	62