Chapter 30 AP World History Stearns Flashcards

6483219464	Great Depression	International economic crisis following the First World War; began with collapse of American stock market in 1929; actual causes included collapse of agricultural prices in 1920s; included collapse of banking houses in the United States and western Europe, massive unemployment;	0
6483219465	socialism in one country	Joseph Stalin's concept of Russian communism based solely on the Soviet Union rather than the Leninist concept of international revolution; by cutting off the Soviet Union from other economies, the USSR avoided worst consequences of the Great Depression.	1
6483219466	Popular Front	Combination of socialist and communist political parties in France; won election in 1936; unable to take strong measures of social reform because of continuing strength of conservatives; fell from power in 1938.	2
6483219467	New Deal	President Franklin Roosevelt's precursor of the modern welfare state (1933-1939); programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insurance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the state's intervention in United States social and economic life.	3
6483219468	totalitarian state	A new kind of government in the 20th century that exercised massive, direct control over virtually all the activities of its subjects; existed in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union.	4
6483219469	Gestapo	Secret police in Nazi Germany, known for brutal tactics.	5
6483219470	Anschluss	Hitler's union of Germany with the German-speaking population of Austria; took place in 1938, despite complaints of other European nations.	6
6483219471	appeasement	Policy of Neville Chamberlain, British prime minister who hoped to preserve peace in the face of German aggression; particularly applied to Munich Conference agreements; failed when Hitler invaded Poland in 1939.	7
6483219472	Spanish Civil War	War pitting authoritarian and military leaders in Spain against republicans and leftists between 1936 and 1939; Germany and Italy supported the royalists; the Soviet Union supported the republicans; led to victory of the royalist forces.	8
6483219473	import substitution industrialization	Typical of Latin American economies; domestic production of goods during the 20th century that had previously been imported; led to light industrialization.	9
6483219474	syndicalism	Economic and political system based on the organization of labor; imported in Latin America from European political movements; militant force in Latin American politics.	10
6483219475	Tragic Week	Occurred in Argentina in 1919; government response to general strike of labor forces led to brutal repression under guise of nationalism.	11
6483219476	corporatism	Political ideology that emphasized the organic nature of society and made the state a mediator, adjusting the interests of different social groups; appealed to conservative groups in European and Latin American societies and to the military.	12
6483219477	Lázaro Cárdenas	President of Mexico from 1934 to 1940; responsible for redistribution of land, primarily to create ejidos, or communal farms; also began program of primary and rural education.	13
6483219478	Getúlio Vargas	Elected president of Brazil in 1929; launched centralized political program by imposing federal administrators over state governments; held off coups by communists in 1935 and fascists in 1937; imposed a new constitution based on Mussolini's Italy; leaned to communists after 1949; committed suicide in 1954.	14
6483219479	Juan D. Perón	Military leader in Argentina who became dominant political figure after military coup in 1943; used position as Minister of Labor to appeal to working groups and the poor; became president in 1946; forced into exile in 1955; returned and won presidency in 1973.	15
6483219480	five-year plans	Stalin's plans to hasten industrialization of USSR; constructed massive factories in metallurgy, mining, and electric power; led to massive state-planned industrialization at cost of availability of consumer products.	16
6483219481	Socialist realism	Attempt within the USSR to relate formal culture to the masses in order to avoid the adoption of western European cultural forms; begun under Joseph Stalin; fundamental method of Soviet fiction, art, and literary criticism.	17
6483219482	Politburo	Executive committee of the Soviet Communist party; 20 members.	18