AP World History Midterm Flashcards

8372004664	democracy	government by the people, rule by the people	0
8372012571	the han dynasty	-Replaced the Qin dynasty -Trade along the silk road increased -Patriarchal society -Society was stratified, peasants and artisans -Paper was manufactured for the first time	1
8372126430	The qin dynasty	-Came out of the Warring states period and replaced the Zhou dynasty -A defensive wall that became the nucleus of the Great Wall was constructed -Wights, measures, and coinage were standardized -Manufacturing of silk cloth was encouraged -New roads were constructed	2
8372152714	The zhou dyansty	-Claimed they possessed the Mandate of Heaven-approval from the Gods, they dominated after the fall of the shang dynasty -Took steps to further centralize the Chinese government -Expanded Chinese territory to include the Yangtze River valley -	3
8372224977	Mauryan	(321-185 BCE) This was the first centralized empire of India whose founder was Chandragupta Maurya.	4
8372235307	Ashoka	the ruler of the Mauryan Empire from about 269 to 232 B.C.E., whose edicts reflected Buddhist values, was known for his brutality	5
8372246607	gupta	Golden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism, growth of Sanskrit, arabic numerals originated from india	6
8372264036	sati	involved the practice of a widow throwing herself on her husband's funeral pyre	7
8372279638	polis	Greek city-state	8
8372296073	the greeks	indo-european people who migrated to the southern portion of the greek peninsula about 1700 BCE	9
8372321614	stoicism	the endurance of pain or hardship without a display of feelings and without complaint	10
8372342559	pax romana	A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.	11
8374507213	imperialism	the acquisition of colonies	12
8374537156	marshall plan	A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952), also made to prevent communist-dominated nations east of the iron curtain from spreading totalitarianism	13
8374641323	truman doctrine	president truman's promise to help nations (aid) struggling against communist movements	14
8374705302	Nasser	Eventually became the leader of Egypt and a world power, involved in the Suez War, and nationalized the Suez Canal.	15
8374765758	six-day war	nasser faced a defeated with Israel israeli occupation of gaza, sinai, old jerusalem, golan heights, and west bank	16
8374804803	Joseph Stalin	-Leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Vladimir Lenin. -Policy of collectivization: consolidated private farms into huge collective farms worked in common by farmers -Set up five year plans- concentrated on heavy industry -Known for his purges: expulsion or execution of his rivals	17
8374869528	Berlin Wall	When large numbers of east germans began migrating to west berlin, this wall was constructed to stem the tide of refugees	18
8374893217	Khrushchev	-Soviet leader, publicly denounced Stalin, free many political prisoners eased censorship -responsible for the cuban missile crisis, conflict between him and kennedy	19
8374923936	glasnot	-openess -allowed Soviet citizens to discuss government policies and even criticize them	20
8374939156	Gorbachev	-last Communist leader of the USSR; started giving the people more economic and political freedom -reduced Soviet nuclear armaments -glasnot and perestroika	21
8374951901	perestrokia	-an economic reform program that permitted some private ownership and control of agriculture and industry -foreign investments were allowed and industry was permitted to produce more consumer goods	22
8375008047	Juan Peron	-oppressive military dictator supported by the working class of Argentina -government controlled the press and denied civil liberties to its citizens	23
8375027221	Fidel Castro	-Communist leader of Cuba -Proclaimed himself a marxist socialist -seized foreign property -Sided with the USSR and severed relations with the United States -Fascist	24
8375040057	socialism	a political theory advocating state ownership of industry	25
8375044301	communism	an economic system in which the central government directs all major economic decisions	26
8375054511	capitalism	An economic system based on private ownership of capital	27
8375054512	decolonization of india	-British parliament passed the government of India act which increased voting rights and turned provincial governments over to Indian leaders -nonalignment: didn't choose to side with either the USA or the USSR	28
8376027064	there are written records	what signifies the period known as history?	29
8380140473	Red Guard	Name given to the young "communist enforcers" of China during the Cultural Revolution	30
8380140474	Mao Zedong	Chinese communist leader instituted to great leap forward: attempted to accomplish industrialization through small scale projects in peasant communities	31
8380140475	Tiananmen Square	Symbolic heart of Chinese politics; site in Beijing of protests and a massacre in 1989.	32
8380140476	Geneva Conference	-A 1954 conference that divided Vietnam at the seventeenth parallel -context: after world war two and the end of Japanese occupation of Vietnam, France wanted its former colony back. Ho Chi Minh proclaimed independence of Vietnam and they defeated the French	33
8380140477	New Economic Policy	1921 plan that permitted some capitalist activity in Russia in order to increase food production	34
8380140478	Deng Xiaoping	-Communist Party leader who forced Chinese economic reforms after the death of Mao Zedong. -Allowed some elements of market economy and some foreign investment	35
8380140479	Persian Gulf War	-War fought between a coalition led by the U.S. and Iraq to free Kuwait from Iraqi invaders.	36
8380140480	Saddam Hussein	-Iraqs dictator -Sought to take over oil deposits	37
8380140481	-Czechoslovakia ended its communist government -Yugoslavia conflict broke out among Muslims, Serbs and Croats -Fighting between the Serbs and Albanians in the province of Kosovo	What happened after the fall of the Soviet Union?	38
8380140482	India	the world's most populous democracy is?	39
8380140483	Manifest Destiny	1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent.	40
8380140484	Berlin Conference	Meeting at which Europeans agreed on rules for colonizing Africa	41
8380140485	Paleolithic Age	The old stone age 2.5 million - 8000 B.C. was known for the use of stone tools	42
8380140486	Pastoralism	A strategy for food production involving the domestication of animals	43
8380140487	Neolithic Age	-New Stone Age -People began to farm -Permanent settlements developed and the population increased -Many practiced animism -Saw the beginning of urbanization	44
8380140488	Agricultural Revolution	-Saw the use of agricultural methods that encouraged migration	45
8380140489	Tigris River	A river in southwestern Asia that flows through the eastern part of the Fertile Crescent	46
8380140490	Shang Dynasty	-Lasts 500 years - Bronze: weapons, farm tools, and wheels - Writing: Pictograms - Rice farming	47
8380140491	Mandate of Heaven	the belief that the Chinese king's right to rule came from the gods	48
8380140492	Sumerians	-First to control Mesopotamia -Ziggurats	49
8380140493	Indus River Valley	-One of the locations where the 1st Urban Revolution occurred -noted for its unpredictable and often violent patterns of flooding	50
8380140494	Alexander the Great	-king of Macedonia -conquered the Persian empire -led his armies as far as the Indus valley	51
8386609353	daoism	A religion in China which emphasizes the removal from society and to become one with nature.	52
8386615576	Confucianism	-ideas of Confucius, emphasizing such values as family, tradition, and mutual respect -the importance of proper conduct; no churches or clergy; worship of ancestors encouraged	53
8386627647	legalism	a Chinese philosophy that stressed the importance of laws	54