AP World History 2017 Flashcards
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| 6738988745 | Classical Civilizations | -Han China -Gupta India -Greece -Rome | 0 | |
| 6738996305 | Classical civilzation definition | literature, Art, and architecture were often longer lived than the state themselves | 1 | |
| 6739005607 | Examples of spirit based beliefs | -Animism -Shamanism | 2 | |
| 6739011435 | Shinto | -A religion native to Japan -Form of animism | 3 | |
| 6739014148 | Ancestor veneration | Deep respect for ancestors | 4 | |
| 6739023131 | Syncretism | The blending of old and new religious beliefs | 5 | |
| 6739028658 | Judaism | -Torah -Eye for Eye type mindset -Strict dietary restrictions -Influenced Israel | 6 | |
| 6739058962 | Jewish disapora | Some Hebrews returned to Jerusalem but many choose to remain in their new homes | 7 | |
| 6739072649 | Vedism | -Shaped Hinduism -1500 BCE | 8 | |
| 6739086842 | Upanishads | (India c. 700 BCE) A series of essays and poems raised the possibility that people could liberate themselves from the cycle of life | 9 | |
| 6739099065 | Buddhism | -500 BCE -Eightfold path -Four Noble Truths -Siddhartha Gautama (First Buddha) -Reincarnation -Kharma -Nirvana | 10 | |
| 6739178700 | Four Noble Truths | -Buddhism -Human existence is inseparable from suffering -The cause of suffering is desire -Suffering is extinguished by extinguishing desire -Desire may be extinguished by following the Eightfold path | 11 | |
| 6739193060 | Eightfold Path | -Buddhism -Know the truth -Resist evil -Do nothing to hurt others -Respect all forms of life -Work for the well-being of others -Free your mind of evil -Control your thoughts -Practice Meditation | 12 | |
| 6739099067 | Hinduism | -Tens of thousands of gods -Law of Manu (Sacred text) -Brahma is the world soul -Vishnu is the savior figure -Shiva is the destroyer | 13 | |
| 6739112620 | Karma | Things you do in this life effect you after death | 14 | |
| 6739116221 | Dharma | Duties and responsibilities will get you into the next life | 15 | |
| 6739122811 | Caste system | (India c. 1500 BCE) Rigged class order -Priests -Warriors and Rulers -Farmers and Artisans -Servants and serfs | 16 | |
| 6739129864 | "Untouchables" in India | The lowest level of the Indian caste system | 17 | |
| 6739149685 | Sati | A widowed wife would through herself into a fire to show loyalty | 18 | |
| 6739244341 | Theravada | -Older school of Buddhism -Emphasizes simplicity and meditation and remains closer to the Buddha's actual teachings | 19 | |
| 6739253478 | Mahayana | -Newer school of Buddhism -More ritual and symbology than Buddha spoke of -Nirvana seen as heavenly after life | 20 | |
| 6739305905 | Bodhisattvas | (Buddhism-Mahayana) saintlike souls who had achieved nirvana but chose to remain in the earthly realm to help living humans | 21 | |
| 6739316782 | Confucianism | -Confucius -Analects (Holy script) -Social harmony -Filal Piety | 22 | |
| 6739328619 | Mandate of Heaven | -Gave ruler's right to rule -Zhou China | 23 | |
| 6739354323 | Legalism | -Hard punishments -Innately immoral | 24 | |
| 6739362711 | Neo-Confuciansim | -600 CE -New form of Confucianism more adapted for time period | 25 | |
| 6739375878 | Daoism | -500 BCE -China -Loazi is the founder -Tao-te Ching (Sacred text) -Universe is governed by dao -Seek harmony in universe -Fenh shui and yin and yang | 26 | |
| 6739400821 | Christianity | -Charity and Compassion -Jesus -Paul and Peter established religion -favorable to those who felt powerless -Bible | 27 | |
| 6739418088 | Constantine | Emperor who legalized Christianity | 28 | |
| 6739430492 | Great Schism | Split of Christianity to Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy | 29 | |
| 6739452212 | First to move towards scientific thinking | Greeks around 600-200 BCE | 30 | |
| 6739460051 | Greek Thinkers | -Socrates (470-399 BCE) -Plato (428-347 BCE) -Aristotle (384-322 BCE) -Questioned behavior and nature of reality | 31 | |
| 6739488324 | Greco-Roman architecture | -Domes -Columns -Facades | 32 | |
| 6739528685 | The Persian Empire | -Southwest Asia -Divided into 20 empires -Satraps (local officials) | 33 | |
| 6739530811 | Achaemenid | -First Persian dynasty -550-331 BCE -Conquered Lydians, Neo-Babylonians, Egyptians -Relatively tolerant to all faiths | 34 | |
| 6739542037 | Darius the Great | -Third Achaemenid ruler -Stretched Persian empire from North Africa to India (2 million square miles) | 35 | |
| 6739573185 | Zoroastrianism | a monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster in the 6th century BC. | 36 | |
| 6739581661 | End of Achaemenid Persia | -Fell 331 BCE to Hellenistic conqueror Alexander the Great | 37 | |
| 6739586973 | Parthians | -247 BCE -224 CE -Liberated Persia from Alexander the Great -Combined elements of Greek and Persian culture -Where smallpox first arose | 38 | |
| 6739603891 | Sassanid Empire | -224-651 CE -Arose after Parthians -Zoroastrianism -Swept away by rapid military expansion of Islam | 39 | |
| 6739620700 | Qin and Han Empires | -East Asia -Qin (221-206 BCE) -Han (206 BCE- 220 CE) | 40 | |
| 6739660429 | Qin Dynasty | -Ya boy Shi Huangdi -Ended the "Warring States" -Favored Legalism -Centralized dictatorship -Great Wall of China -Destroyed shortly after Shi Huangdi died | 41 | |
| 6739675418 | Han Dynasty | -Came to power through uprisings against Qin -Wu-Ti ( Warrior emperor) -Centralized, effective empire -Confucianism -Strong economy -Monopoly on silk trade -Ended from an economic and agriculture slump as well as bandits, rebels, and invadors such as Xiongnu , and smallpox | 42 | |
| 6739712578 | Mauryan and Gupta Empires | -South Asia | 43 | |
| 6739724007 | Indo-Europeans (Aryans) | -Light-skinned warriors -Invaded northern India | 44 | |
| 6739727633 | Dravidians | Indian dark-skinned natives conquered by Aryans | 45 | |
| 6739732822 | Mauryan Empire | -324-184 BCE -Founded by Chandragupta Maurya -Elaborate bureaucracy -Ashoka is a well-known emperor -Collapsed due to attacks from outside enemies | 46 | |
| 6739756945 | Ashoka | -Mauryan emperor -Pillars of Ashoka -Buddhist -Sickened by war -Created harmony | 47 | |
| 6739766503 | Gupta Empire | -320-550 BCE -Controlled most of north-central India -Chandra Gupta is the first ruler -Smaller and less centralized -Strengthened caste system -Fell to White Huns | 48 | |
| 6739788298 | Phoenicians | -Mediterranean -Originators of alphabet -started in 800 BCE -Carthage (North African port) - Punic Wars between Rome | 49 | |
| 6739807464 | Greeks/Hellenes | -1150-800 BCE -Worship of Olympian gods -Sparta and Athens -First democracy | 50 | |
| 6739823586 | Hellenic culture | -Philosophical/Scientific thinking | 51 | |
| 6739828668 | Persian Wars | 429-479 CE | 52 | |
| 6739835734 | Peloponnesian War | -431-404 BCE -Sparta vs. Athens -Lead to Greece being dominated by Macedonians | 53 | |
| 6739842778 | Alexander the Great | -356-323 BCE -Launched one of the most successful military campaigns of all time | 54 | |
| 6739853627 | Rome | -Founded in 800 BCE -Italy -Dominated Mediterranean -Remained monarchy until 500 BCE | 55 | |
| 6739859866 | Roman Republic | -500-30 BCE -No monarch -Tension between patricians and plebeians | 56 | |
| 6739871409 | Punic Wars | -264-146 BCE -Roman Republic vs. Carthage of Phonecian | 57 | |
| 6739879991 | Collapse of Roman Republic | -What was left of middle class fell into poverty -Violent mobs -Series of wars and slave revolts -Julius Cesar lead to end of republic in 30 BCE | 58 | |
| 6739894068 | Roman Empire | -30 BCE- 479 CE -Caser Augustus -Pax Romana -Economic and military strength -Huge bureacracy -Aqueducts -Years of disease and unfit rulers led to split of Empire | 59 | |
| 6739913838 | Byzantine Empire | -Eastern part of Roman Empire | 60 | |
| 6739926543 | Roman Law | -Code of Justinian -Twelve Tables | 61 | |
| 6739934674 | Teotihuacan | -100 BCE- 750 CE -Practiced human sacrifice -Intensive farming -Decline due to violent and crippling revolts | 62 | |
| 6739957559 | Mayans | -200-950 CE -40 city-states -Hieroglyphic script -Hag concept of zero and calendar -Decline is a mystery | 63 | |
| 6739970904 | Moche | -Andes Mountains -200-700 CE -Quipu (knot tying) -mit'a system ( combined serfdom and corvee labor) -Ended due to environmental factors | 64 | |
| 6739990632 | Bureaucracies | -Tax collection -Law enforcement -Mobilization of food and resources -Military defense -Regulation of trade -Infrastructure -Regional and local levels of government | 65 | |
| 6740102209 | Silk road | -100 BCE- 800 CE -1200-1500 CE -Stretched from Middle East to China | 66 | |
| 6749706921 | "Out of Africa" thesis | Modern humans arose in East Africa around 200,000 years ago and then migrated out | 67 | |
| 6751032770 | Stone Age | The time when most tools and weapons were made of stone | 68 | |
| 6751089240 | Cultural Diffusion | The spread of new technologies and religious beliefs | 69 | |
| 6751128874 | First Cities | -8000-7000 BCE -Jericho on Jordan River -Catal Huyuk in Turkey | 70 | |
| 6751145899 | Metallurgy | -Extracting metal from raw ore -Began in Middle East and China between 4000-300 BCE | 71 | |
| 6751151986 | Bronze Age | -3500-1200 BCE -Use of Bronze | 72 | |
| 6751177676 | Basic features of early civilizations | -An economic system -A government -A social system -A moral or ethical belief system -An intellectual tradition -A reasonably high level of technological aptitude | 73 | |
| 6751195965 | Mesopotamia | -Began in 2500-2350 BCE -Sumerian-Babylonian culture -Tigris and Euphrates rivers -Akkadians and Assyrians came as well | 74 | |
| 6751212989 | Sargon | -Akkadian conqueror -First empire -"King of Sumer and Akkad" | 75 | |
| 6751225036 | Code of Hammurabi and Code of Ur-Nammu | -Oldest codified laws -Favored elite over lower class -Thought society should be governed by a consistent set of regulations | 76 | |
| 6751233691 | Ziggurats | Mesopotamian terrace-stepped temples | 77 | |
| 6751246269 | Egypt | -3100 BCE -Nile River | 78 | |
| 6751251126 | Old Kingdom | -2700-2200 BCE -Social and political features took hold -Civil War tore apart Egypt | 79 | |
| 6751258945 | Middle Kingdom | -2050 BCE -Egypt -Lasted until taken over by Hyksos | 80 | |
| 6751265331 | New Kingdom | -1550 BCE -Egypt -Conquered great deal of Africa and MiddleEast | 81 | |
| 6751287017 | Indus River civilization | -2600 BCE -Written Language -Mohenjo-Daro -Harappa -Unified and highly centralized | 82 | |
| 6751308324 | Shang Dynasty | -Yellow River (Huang He) -Yangzi River -1600 BCE -China -Developed army -Bronze -"The Middle Kingdom" (i.e. center of the world) | 83 | |
| 6751327467 | Zhou Dynasty | -1000-221 BCE -China -Used Feudalism -Made iron weapons and tools -Effective bureaucracy | 84 | |
| 6751356298 | Olmecs | -Americas -2000s BCE -No large river -Made huge head statues | 85 | |
| 6751375777 | Oligarchy | Rule by the few (multiple aristocratic elites ruled) | 86 | |
| 6751420111 | Theocracy | A government dominated by a religious elite | 87 | |
| 6751453131 | Serfdom | Peasants labored on the land their owners lived on | 88 | |
| 6762888433 | Early Middle Age | -500-1000 CE -Period of overall backwardness, political decentralization, perpetual military threat | 89 | |
| 6762894403 | High Middle Ages | -1000-1300 CE -Cultural and Economic revival | 90 | |
| 6762912885 | Feudalism | Monarchs awarded land to loyal followers | 91 | |
| 6762931410 | Serfs | Peasants who were not technically slaves but were tied to a feudal lords land and had no right to change profession or residence without permission | 92 | |
| 6762947426 | Charlemagne | -768-814 CE -Frankish King -Defeated Vikings, Muslims, and barbarians -Created network of administrators -Formed Holy Roman Empire | 93 | |
| 6762968410 | Norman Conquest | Brought French-styled feudalism to England | 94 | |
| 6762981010 | Hundred Years War | -1337-1453 CE -Fighting of England vs. France -Over French territory -French ultimately won | 95 | |
| 6763034874 | Moors | -700s CE -Muslim invaders of Spain and Portugal | 96 | |
| 6763043083 | Reconquista | -Spain and Portugal vs. Moors -1000-1492 -Intense religious hostility | 97 | |
| 6763063561 | The theme system | The way Byzantium granted land to soldiers serving in frontier zones | 98 | |
| 6763071664 | Manzikert | -1071 -Seljuk Turks beat Byzantium -Beginning of the empires steady decline | 99 | |
| 6763100010 | Holy Inquisition | A set of special courts to seek out and punish non-conformity | 100 | |
| 6763114464 | Calpih | Muslim leader | 101 | |
| 6763145221 | Ottoman Turks | -1300s -Gained hegemony over Middle East -Brought about fall of Constantinople | 102 | |
| 6763166688 | Ghana | -800-1200 -Had gold deposits -Sub-Saharan Africa | 103 | |
| 6763173380 | Mali | -Sub-Saharan Africa -1200-1600 -Gold deposits -Founded by Sundiata | 104 | |
| 6763217586 | Tang Dynasty | -China -618-906 CE -Expanded China -Expanded Grand Canal | 105 | |
| 6763229209 | An Shi rebellion | -700-800s -Peasant rebellion in China -Brought an end to Tang Dynast | 106 | |
| 6763232736 | Song Empire | -906-1279 CE -China -gunpowder, compass, and paper money -Neo-Confucianism -Defeated by Jurchens | 107 | |
| 6763268763 | Ming Dynasty | -1368-1644 -Emperor Hongwu, rebel -Re-centralized the political and administrative system -strong military | 108 | |
| 6763431469 | Delhi Sultunate | -1206-1526 -Northern India in hands of Muslim generals -Eventually expanded almost all of India but cities eventually broke off in South | 109 | |
| 6763449109 | Khmer Empires | -500-1400 -Cambodia | 110 | |
| 6763453263 | Srivijayan Empire | -500-1100 -Indonesian Islands and Malay Peninsula | 111 | |
| 6763759130 | Great Schism (Christianity) | -1054 -Divided into Roman Catholicism and Easter Orthodoxy | 112 | |
| 6763849690 | Sunni Muslim | Supported Umayyad Caliphs | 113 | |
| 6763852496 | Shiite Muslims | Supported Ali | 114 |